我想创建一个页面,其中列出了驻留在我网站上的所有图像,并带有标题和替代表示形式。
我已经编写了一个小程序来查找和加载所有 HTML 文件,但现在我陷入了如何从这个 HTML 中提取src
、title
和alt
:
<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny" />
我想这应该用一些正则表达式来完成,但由于标签的顺序可能会有所不同,而且我需要所有这些标签,所以我真的不知道如何以优雅的方式解析它(我可以用 char 的方式做硬字符,但这很痛苦)。
$url="http://example.com";
$html = file_get_contents($url);
$doc = new DOMDocument();
@$doc->loadHTML($html);
$tags = $doc->getElementsByTagName('img');
foreach ($tags as $tag) {
echo $tag->getAttribute('src');
}
编辑:现在我知道得更好了
使用正则表达式来解决此类问题是一个坏主意,可能会导致不可维护和不可靠的代码。最好使用 HTML 解析器。
带正则表达式的解决方案
在这种情况下,最好将该过程分为两部分:
- 获取所有 img 标记
- 提取其元数据
我会假设你的文档不是xHTML严格的,所以你不能使用XML解析器。 例如,使用此网页源代码:
/* preg_match_all match the regexp in all the $html string and output everything as
an array in $result. "i" option is used to make it case insensitive */
preg_match_all('/<img[^>]+>/i',$html, $result);
print_r($result);
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => <img src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png" width="250" height="70" alt="logo link to homepage" />
[1] => <img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />
[2] => <img class="vote-down" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png" alt="vote down" title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)" />
[3] => <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG" height=32 width=32 alt="gravatar image" />
[4] => <img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />
[...]
)
)
然后我们用循环获取所有 img 标签属性:
$img = array();
foreach( $result as $img_tag)
{
preg_match_all('/(alt|title|src)=("[^"]*")/i',$img_tag, $img[$img_tag]);
}
print_r($img);
Array
(
[<img src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png" width="250" height="70" alt="logo link to homepage" />] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png"
[1] => alt="logo link to homepage"
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => src
[1] => alt
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => "/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png"
[1] => "logo link to homepage"
)
)
[<img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png"
[1] => alt="vote up"
[2] => title="This was helpful (click again to undo)"
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => src
[1] => alt
[2] => title
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => "/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png"
[1] => "vote up"
[2] => "This was helpful (click again to undo)"
)
)
[<img class="vote-down" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png" alt="vote down" title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)" />] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png"
[1] => alt="vote down"
[2] => title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)"
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => src
[1] => alt
[2] => title
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => "/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png"
[1] => "vote down"
[2] => "This was not helpful (click again to undo)"
)
)
[<img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG" height=32 width=32 alt="gravatar image" />] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
[1] => alt="gravatar image"
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => src
[1] => alt
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
[1] => "gravatar image"
)
)
[..]
)
)
正则表达式是 CPU 密集型的,因此您可能需要缓存此页面。如果您没有缓存系统,则可以通过使用ob_start并从文本文件加载/保存来调整自己的缓存系统。
这些东西是如何工作的?
首先,我们使用 all preg_ match_函数,该函数获取与模式匹配的每个字符串并将其放入其第三个参数中。
正则表达式 :
<img[^>]+>
我们将其应用于所有html网页。它可以读作每个以" <img
"开头的字符串,包含非">"字符并以>结尾。
(alt|title|src)=("[^"]*")
我们依次将其应用于每个 img 标签。它可以读作每个以"alt","title"或"src"开头的字符串,然后是"=",然后是'"',一堆不是'并以'结尾的东西。隔离 () 之间的子字符串。
最后,每次你想处理正则表达式时,都有好的工具来快速测试它们很方便。检查这个在线正则表达式测试器。
编辑:回答第一条评论。
确实,我没有考虑(希望很少)使用单引号的人。
好吧,如果您只使用',只需将所有" 替换为 "。
如果两者混合。首先你应该打自己一巴掌:-),然后尝试使用("|')代替 " 和 [^ø] 替换 [^"]。
举一个使用 PHP 的 XML 功能来完成任务的小例子:
$doc=new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML("<html><body>Test<br><img src="myimage.jpg" title="title" alt="alt"></body></html>");
$xml=simplexml_import_dom($doc); // just to make xpath more simple
$images=$xml->xpath('//img');
foreach ($images as $img) {
echo $img['src'] . ' ' . $img['alt'] . ' ' . $img['title'];
}
我确实使用了DOMDocument::loadHTML()
方法,因为这种方法可以处理HTML语法,并且不会强制输入文档为XHTML。严格来说,转换为SimpleXMLElement
是没有必要的 - 它只是使使用 xpath 和 xpath 结果更简单。
如果是XHTML,你的例子是,你只需要simpleXML。
<?php
$input = '<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny"/>';
$sx = simplexml_load_string($input);
var_dump($sx);
?>
输出:
object(SimpleXMLElement)#1 (1) {
["@attributes"]=>
array(3) {
["src"]=>
string(22) "/image/fluffybunny.jpg"
["title"]=>
string(16) "Harvey the bunny"
["alt"]=>
string(26) "a cute little fluffy bunny"
}
}
我用preg_match来做到这一点。
就我而言,我有一个字符串,其中包含我从 Wordpress 获得的一个 <img>
标签(没有其他标记),我试图获取 src
属性,以便我可以通过 timthumb 运行它。
// get the featured image
$image = get_the_post_thumbnail($photos[$i]->ID);
// get the src for that image
$pattern = '/src="([^"]*)"/';
preg_match($pattern, $image, $matches);
$src = $matches[1];
unset($matches);
在抓取标题或 alt 的模式中,您可以简单地使用 $pattern = '/title="([^"]*)"/';
来抓取标题或$pattern = '/title="([^"]*)"/';
来抓取 alt。 可悲的是,我的正则表达式还不够好,无法一次通过即可抓住所有三个(alt/title/src)。
使用simplehtmldom。大多数jQuery选择器在simplehtmldom中都受支持。下面给出了一个例子
// Create DOM from URL or file
$html = file_get_html('http://www.google.com/');
// Find all images
foreach($html->find('img') as $element)
echo $element->src . '<br>';
// Find all links
foreach($html->find('a') as $element)
echo $element->href . '<br>';
脚本必须像这样编辑
foreach( $result[0] as $img_tag)
因为preg_match_all返回数组数组
我已经阅读了此页面上的许多评论,这些评论抱怨使用 dom 解析器是不必要的开销。 好吧,它可能比单纯的正则表达式调用更昂贵,但 OP 表示无法控制 img 标签中属性的顺序。 这一事实会导致不必要的正则表达式模式卷积。 除此之外,使用 dom 解析器还提供了可读性、可维护性和 dom 感知(正则表达式不是 dom 感知)的额外好处。
我喜欢正则表达式,我回答了很多正则表达式问题,但是在处理有效的 HTML 时,很少有充分的理由在解析器上正则表达式。
在下面的演示中,了解 DOMDocument 如何简单、干净地处理混合引用(和根本不引用)的任何顺序的 img 标记属性。 另请注意,没有目标属性的标记根本不会造成中断 - 空字符串作为值提供。
代码:(演示)
$test = <<<HTML
<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny" />
<img src='/image/pricklycactus.jpg' title='Roger the cactus' alt='a big green prickly cactus' />
<p>This is irrelevant text.</p>
<img alt="an annoying white cockatoo" title="Polly the cockatoo" src="/image/noisycockatoo.jpg">
<img title=something src=somethingelse>
HTML;
libxml_use_internal_errors(true); // silences/forgives complaints from the parser (remove to see what is generated)
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTML($test);
foreach ($dom->getElementsByTagName('img') as $i => $img) {
echo "IMG#{$i}:n";
echo "tsrc = " , $img->getAttribute('src') , "n";
echo "ttitle = " , $img->getAttribute('title') , "n";
echo "talt = " , $img->getAttribute('alt') , "n";
echo "---n";
}
输出:
IMG#0:
src = /image/fluffybunny.jpg
title = Harvey the bunny
alt = a cute little fluffy bunny
---
IMG#1:
src = /image/pricklycactus.jpg
title = Roger the cactus
alt = a big green prickly cactus
---
IMG#2:
src = /image/noisycockatoo.jpg
title = Polly the cockatoo
alt = an annoying white cockatoo
---
IMG#3:
src = somethingelse
title = something
alt =
---
在专业代码中使用这种技术将使您拥有干净的脚本,减少需要处理的打嗝,以及减少希望您在其他地方工作的同事。
这是一个PHP函数 出于类似目的,我从上述所有信息中蹒跚而行,即动态调整图像标签的宽度和长度属性......也许有点笨拙,但似乎工作可靠:
function ReSizeImagesInHTML($HTMLContent,$MaximumWidth,$MaximumHeight) {
// find image tags
preg_match_all('/<img[^>]+>/i',$HTMLContent, $rawimagearray,PREG_SET_ORDER);
// put image tags in a simpler array
$imagearray = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($rawimagearray); $i++) {
array_push($imagearray, $rawimagearray[$i][0]);
}
// put image attributes in another array
$imageinfo = array();
foreach($imagearray as $img_tag) {
preg_match_all('/(src|width|height)=("[^"]*")/i',$img_tag, $imageinfo[$img_tag]);
}
// combine everything into one array
$AllImageInfo = array();
foreach($imagearray as $img_tag) {
$ImageSource = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][0]);
$OrignialWidth = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][1]);
$OrignialHeight = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][2]);
$NewWidth = $OrignialWidth;
$NewHeight = $OrignialHeight;
$AdjustDimensions = "F";
if($OrignialWidth > $MaximumWidth) {
$diff = $OrignialWidth-$MaximumHeight;
$percnt_reduced = (($diff/$OrignialWidth)*100);
$NewHeight = floor($OrignialHeight-(($percnt_reduced*$OrignialHeight)/100));
$NewWidth = floor($OrignialWidth-$diff);
$AdjustDimensions = "T";
}
if($OrignialHeight > $MaximumHeight) {
$diff = $OrignialHeight-$MaximumWidth;
$percnt_reduced = (($diff/$OrignialHeight)*100);
$NewWidth = floor($OrignialWidth-(($percnt_reduced*$OrignialWidth)/100));
$NewHeight= floor($OrignialHeight-$diff);
$AdjustDimensions = "T";
}
$thisImageInfo = array('OriginalImageTag' => $img_tag , 'ImageSource' => $ImageSource , 'OrignialWidth' => $OrignialWidth , 'OrignialHeight' => $OrignialHeight , 'NewWidth' => $NewWidth , 'NewHeight' => $NewHeight, 'AdjustDimensions' => $AdjustDimensions);
array_push($AllImageInfo, $thisImageInfo);
}
// build array of before and after tags
$ImageBeforeAndAfter = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($AllImageInfo); $i++) {
if($AllImageInfo[$i]['AdjustDimensions'] == "T") {
$NewImageTag = str_ireplace('width="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['OrignialWidth'] . '"', 'width="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['NewWidth'] . '"', $AllImageInfo[$i]['OriginalImageTag']);
$NewImageTag = str_ireplace('height="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['OrignialHeight'] . '"', 'height="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['NewHeight'] . '"', $NewImageTag);
$thisImageBeforeAndAfter = array('OriginalImageTag' => $AllImageInfo[$i]['OriginalImageTag'] , 'NewImageTag' => $NewImageTag);
array_push($ImageBeforeAndAfter, $thisImageBeforeAndAfter);
}
}
// execute search and replace
for ($i = 0; $i < count($ImageBeforeAndAfter); $i++) {
$HTMLContent = str_ireplace($ImageBeforeAndAfter[$i]['OriginalImageTag'],$ImageBeforeAndAfter[$i]['NewImageTag'], $HTMLContent);
}
return $HTMLContent;
}
这是PHP中的解决方案:
只需下载 QueryPath,然后执行以下操作:
$doc= qp($myHtmlDoc);
foreach($doc->xpath('//img') as $img) {
$src= $img->attr('src');
$title= $img->attr('title');
$alt= $img->attr('alt');
}
就是这样,你完成了!