.NET中的高级控制台IO

Question

在屏幕上的任意位置使用自定义前/背景色将数据写入文本控制台的最佳方式是什么？

Answer 1

Console.SetCursorPosition、Console.BackgroundColor、Console.ForegroundColor和Console.ResetColor.

请注意，这些已在2.0版中添加到.NET Framework中。在此之前，您需要PInvoke。

Answer 2

在C#中编写基于TUI的应用程序时，有几个库非常有用：

• Gui.cs是Miguel de Icaza为.NET开发的终端用户界面工具包。这是一个适用于.NET、.NET Core和Mono的简单UI工具包，适用于Windows和Linux/Unix
• MonoCurses是一个MIT-X11许可的curses绑定，它包括用于创建基于控制台的应用程序的极简主义gui工具包
• ConsoleGUI是一个简单的布局驱动库，用于创建基于控制台的GUI应用程序。它提供了最基本的布局管理实用程序以及一组基本控件
• CursesSharp是curses库的C#包装器

Answer 3

这篇文章展示了如何使用控制台类方法在控制台上创建进度条-这可能是一个很好的例子…

Answer 4

最有效的函数是WriteConsoleOutput。它是本机win32 API，但可以在.NET应用程序中使用p/invoke:

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WriteConsoleOutputW")]
public static extern bool WriteConsoleOutput(IntPtr hConsoleOutput, CHAR_INFO[,] lpBuffer, COORD dwBufferSize,
                                                 COORD dwBufferCoord, ref SMALL_RECT lpWriteRegion);

其中CHAR_INFO是一个结构：

/// <summary>
/// CharSet.Unicode is required for proper marshaling.
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct CHAR_INFO
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public char UnicodeChar;
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public char AsciiChar;
    [FieldOffset(2)] //2 bytes seems to work properly
    public Attr Attributes;
    public override string ToString() {
        return string.Format("CHAR_INFO : '{0}' ({1})", AsciiChar, Attributes);
    }
}

Attr结构：

/// <summary>
/// CHAR_ATTRIBUTES native structure.
/// </summary>
[Flags]
public enum Attr : ushort {
    NO_ATTRIBUTES = 0x0000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Text color contains blue.
    /// </summary>
    FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x0001,
    /// <summary>
    /// Text color contains green.
    /// </summary>
    FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0002,
    /// <summary>
    /// Text color contains red.
    /// </summary>
    FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0004,
    /// <summary>
    /// Text color is intensified.
    /// </summary>
    FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0008,
    /// <summary>
    /// Background color contains blue.
    /// </summary>
    BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x0010,
    /// <summary>
    /// Background color contains green.
    /// </summary>
    BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x0020,
    /// <summary>
    /// Background color contains red.
    /// </summary>
    BACKGROUND_RED = 0x0040,
    /// <summary>
    /// Background color is intensified.
    /// </summary>
    BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0080,
    /// <summary>
    /// Leading byte.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_LEADING_BYTE = 0x0100,
    /// <summary>
    /// Trailing byte.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_TRAILING_BYTE = 0x0200,
    /// <summary>
    /// Top horizontal
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_HORIZONTAL = 0x0400,
    /// <summary>
    /// Left vertical.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_LVERTICAL = 0x0800,
    /// <summary>
    /// Right vertical.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_RVERTICAL = 0x1000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Reverse foreground and background attribute.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO = 0x4000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Underscore.
    /// </summary>
    COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE = 0x8000
}

COORD和SMALL_RECT:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COORD
{
    public short X;
    public short Y;
    public COORD(short X, short Y)
    {
        this.X = X;
        this.Y = Y;
    }
};
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SMALL_RECT
{
    public short Left;
    public short Top;
    public short Right;
    public short Bottom;
    public SMALL_RECT(short left, short top, short right, short bottom) {
        Left = left;
        Top = top;
        Right = right;
        Bottom = bottom;
    }
}