WPF ContextMenu难题:如何设置ContextMenu的DataContext

Question

我在弄清楚如何在ContextMenu上设置正确的DataContext时遇到了一些问题。

我有一组视图模型，它们是ItemsControl的来源。每个视图模型都有一个项目集合，这些项目也是另一个ItemsControl的来源。每个项目用于绘制具有ContextMenu的图像。ContextMenu中的MenuItems需要绑定到视图模型上的命令，但ContextMenu的PlacementTarget指向单个项。

我的Xaml看起来像这样：

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers"}>
    <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        <DataTemplate>
            <ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Items}">
                <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <Image>
                            <Image.ContextMenu>
                                <ContextMenu>
                                     <MenuItem Header="Edit" Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
                                </ContextMenu>
                            </Image.ContextMenu>
                        </Image>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
            </ItemsControl>
        </DataTemplate>
    </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>

如何将ContextMenu的DataContext设置为项目对应的父视图模型？

Answer 1

ContextMenu位于可视化树之外。下面是应该为您提供数据上下文的xaml：

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers}" Tag="{Binding ElementName=outerControl, Path=DataContext}">
   ...
   <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding Path=PlacementTarget.Tag, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}">
      <MenuItem Header="Edit"
                Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
   </ContextMenu>
   ...
</ItemsControl>

这篇文章解释了它是如何工作的。

Answer 2

您可以使用markupextension:

using System;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Xaml;
[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(ContentControl))]
public class RootObject : MarkupExtension
{
    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        var rootObjectProvider = (IRootObjectProvider)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IRootObjectProvider));
        return rootObjectProvider?.RootObject;
    }
}

它让你做：

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers}">
   ...
   <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding DataContext, Source={local:RootObject}}">
      <MenuItem Header="Edit"
                Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
   </ContextMenu>
   ...
</ItemsControl>

Answer 3

我不喜欢使用Tag。我更喜欢附房。

您需要添加附加属性：

public static readonly DependencyProperty DataContextExProperty =
   DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("DataContextEx",
                                       typeof(Object), 
                                       typeof(DependencyObjectAttached));
public static Object GetDataContextEx(DependencyObject element)
{
    return element.GetValue(DataContextExProperty);
}
public static void SetDataContextEx(DependencyObject element, Object value)
{
    element.SetValue(DataContextExProperty, value);
}

在XAML中：

<Button attached:DependencyObjectAttached.DataContextEx="{Binding ElementName=MyDataContextElement, Path=DataContext}">
    <Button.ContextMenu>
        <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=PlacementTarget.(attached:DependencyObjectAttached.DataContextEx)}">
        </ContextMenu>
    </Button.ContextMenu>
</Button>

Answer 4

此代码允许您使用全局和本地DataContext（整个userControl和当前TreeViewItem的）：

<TreeView Grid.Row="0" ItemsSource="{Binding Path=SelectableEnterprises}">
<TreeView.ItemTemplate>
    <HierarchicalDataTemplate ItemsSource="{Binding Children}">
        <Grid Height="20" Tag="{Binding DataContext, ElementName=userControl}">
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="25"/>
                <ColumnDefinition/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <Grid.ContextMenu>
                <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding PlacementTarget, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}" >
                    <ContextMenu.Visibility>
                        <MultiBinding Converter="{converters:SurveyReportVisibilityConverter}">
                            <Binding Path="DataContext"/> <!--local DataContext-->
                            <Binding Path="Tag.SelectedSurvey"/> <!--global DataContext-->
                        </MultiBinding>
                    </ContextMenu.Visibility>
                    <MenuItem Header="Show HTML-report" Command ="{Binding Tag.OpenHTMLReportCommand}" 
                              CommandParameter="{Binding DataContext}" />
                </ContextMenu>
            </Grid.ContextMenu>