我有一个连接到SQL Server DB的rails应用程序，还有一个连接到同一个数据库的Windows桌面应用程序。Windows 应用程序使用的是Microsoft Windows 时区数据库，因此我得到了一个时区名称，例如 Pacific Daylight Time .在 rails 中，ActiveSupport::TimeZone 类为我们提供了一个映射哈希，其中键类似于 Pacific Time (US & Canada) ，值类似于 America/Los_Angeles .是否有任何可以将 Windows 格式转换为标准格式以便我可以使用Time.zone？
或者，也许有一个时区 gem 允许我将 rails 配置为使用 Windows 格式？
这是我已经开始帮助转换的数组，但有一点我不是 100% 确定。
DAYLIGHT = [
{name: 'Dateline Daylight Time', offset: -12, alt: 'International Date Line West'},
{name: 'UTC-11', offset: -11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Hawaiian Daylight Time', offset: -10, alt: 'Hawaii'},
{name: 'Alaskan Daylight Time', offset: -9, alt: 'Alaska'},
{name: 'Pacific Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pacific Daylight Time', offset: -8, alt: 'Pacific Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'US Mountain Daylight Time', offset: -7, alt: 'Mountain Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Mountain Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -7, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mountain Daylight Time', offset: -7, alt: 'Mountain Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central America Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: 'Central Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: 'Central Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Canada Central Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Pacific Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'US Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Venezuela Daylight Time', offset: -4.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Paraguay Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Atlantic Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Brazilian Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Western Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pacific SA Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Newfoundland Daylight Time', offset: -3.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. South America Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Argentina Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Greenland Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Montevideo Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Bahia Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'UTC-02', offset: -2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mid-Atlantic Daylight Time', offset: -2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Azores Daylight Time', offset: -1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Cabo Verde Daylight Time', offset: -1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Morocco Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'Coordinated Universal Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'GMT Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'Greenwich Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Europe Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Europe Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Romance Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central European Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Central Africa Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Namibia Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Jordan Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'GTB Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Middle East Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Egypt Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Syria Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Europe Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'South Africa Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'FLE Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Turkey Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Jerusalem Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 1 Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Libya Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arabic Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arab Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Belarus Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 2 Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Africa Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Iran Daylight Time', offset: 3.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arabian Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Azerbaijan Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 3 Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mauritius Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Georgian Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Caucasus Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Afghanistan Daylight Time', offset: 4.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'West Asia Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 4 Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pakistan Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'India Daylight Time', offset: 5.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Sri Lanka Daylight Time', offset: 5.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Nepal Daylight Time', offset: 5.75, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Asia Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Bangladesh Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 5 Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Myanmar Daylight Time', offset: 6.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'SE Asia Daylight Time', offset: 7, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 6 Daylight Time', offset: 7, alt: ''},
{name: 'China Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 7 Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Malay Peninsula Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Taipei Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Ulaanbaatar Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tokyo Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Korea Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 8 Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Cen. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 9.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'AUS Central Daylight Time', offset: 9.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'AUS Eastern Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'West Pacific Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tasmania Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Magadan Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 9 Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 10 Daylight Time', offset: 11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Pacific Daylight Time', offset: 11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 11 Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'New Zealand Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'UTC+12', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Fiji Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Kamchatka Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tonga Daylight Time', offset: 13, alt: ''},
{name: 'Samoa Daylight Time', offset: 13, alt: ''},
{name: 'Line Islands Daylight Time', offset: 14, alt: ''}
]
改进的答案
我的原始答案（如下）中描述的功能现在可在我的 .NET 时区转换器库中使用。 所有艰苦的工作都为您完成，并且会随着世界时区的变化而不断更新。 项目自述文件中的示例展示了如何在 Windows、IANA 和 Rails 标识符之间进行转换。
由于问题中描述的应用程序在 Rails 中，因此我建议在 .NET 中运行后台作业，将 Windows 时区 ID 转换为 Rails 应用程序中所需的时区 ID，并将它们保存在单独的列中。
<小时 />原始答案
您正在寻找的资源是作为 Unicode CLDR 项目的一部分维护的 Windows 到 IANA 映射文件。 该文件位于 CLDR 发行版中 common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml ，您可以在此处找到它的当前"开发版本"。
请注意以下几点：
当Microsoft和 IANA 出现新的时区时，或者偶尔当政府对其时区规则进行重大更改以应用不同的映射时，该文件确实会更新。
列表中的偏移量只是标准偏移量 - 即夏令时无效时应用的偏移量。 "时区"由标准偏移量、日光偏移量、DST 转换的特定日期和时间以及偏移和转换的更改历史记录组成。
Rails 时区名称不应在 Rails 之外的任何地方使用。 我的理解是，它们实际上是在 Rails 决定使用标准 IANA/Olson 时区之前创建的，后来当 Ruby tzinfo gem 变得可行时，Rails 区域通过本页显示的
MAPPING常量进行了改造，然后随着个人投诉的出现而添加了一些。 如果可能，只需通过 tzinfo gem 直接使用 IANA 时区即可。 如果没有，那么您将有两层映射要经过（Microsoft -> IANA -> Rails）。我不知道CLDR映射的Rails特定实现。 我检查了几个 CLDR for Rails 项目，发现它们没有包含 CLDR 的特定部分。 但是，如果您可以控制Windows方面的事情，那么您可以考虑使用我在此答案中描述的.NET实现。 您可以在Windows端进行Windows到IANA的转换，然后直接将IANA区域与tzinfo一起使用，或者在Rails应用程序中映射到Rails区域。
还要意识到，Rails 时区的数量明显少于 IANA 支持的时区数量。 我还没有检查过，但很可能一些Windows区域映射到不在Rails中的IANA区域。 此外，有一些 Rails 区域有多个 Rails 条目，但只有一个 IANA 映射 - 基本上使它们成为等效的别名。
Rails和Windows都使用"UTC"作为区域ID，Rails映射到"Etc/UTC"，但CLDR映射到"Etc/GMT"。 您必须手动处理此问题。
最后，要认识到 CLDR 使用"稳定"标识符的方式与 IANA 的"规范"标识符不同，这可能会在映射过程中造成一些困难。
例如，请考虑 CLDR 中的Microsoft区"印度标准时间"映射到"亚洲/加尔各答"，因为这是原始 IANA 区域。 但是，IANA 将区域更改为"亚洲/加尔各答"，并为"亚洲/加尔各答"设置了一个向后兼容的链接。 当您查看 Rails
MAPPING常数时，有四个 Rails 区域，"钦奈"、"加尔各答"、"孟买"和"新德里"——所有这些都映射到"亚洲/加尔各答"。要解决此问题，您还需要来自 CLDR 的另一个文件，
common/bcp47/timezone.xml. 您可以使用此文件查找别名 IANA 区域之间的所有链接，这可以帮助您映射回 Rails 区域。
所以是的，这是可能的 - 但这并不容易。 ;)
我已经为您执行了当前的映射，如下所示：
"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"W. Central Africa Standard Time","Africa/Algiers","West Central Africa"
"Egypt Standard Time","Africa/Cairo","Cairo"
"Morocco Standard Time","Africa/Casablanca","Casablanca"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Harare","Harare"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Johannesburg","Pretoria"
"Greenwich Standard Time","Africa/Monrovia","Monrovia"
"E. Africa Standard Time","Africa/Nairobi","Nairobi"
"Argentina Standard Time","America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires","Buenos Aires"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Bogota","Bogota"
"Venezuela Standard Time","America/Caracas","Caracas"
"Central Standard Time","America/Chicago","Central Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Chihuahua","Chihuahua"
"Mountain Standard Time","America/Denver","Mountain Time (US & Canada)"
"Greenland Standard Time","America/Godthab","Greenland"
"Central America Standard Time","America/Guatemala","Central America"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/Guyana","Georgetown"
"Atlantic Standard Time","America/Halifax","Atlantic Time (Canada)"
"US Eastern Standard Time","America/Indiana/Indianapolis","Indiana (East)"
"Alaskan Standard Time","America/Juneau","Alaska"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/La_Paz","La Paz"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Lima"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Quito"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Los_Angeles","Pacific Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mazatlan","Mazatlan"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Guadalajara"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Mexico City"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Monterrey","Monterrey"
"Montevideo Standard Time","America/Montevideo","Montevideo"
"Eastern Standard Time","America/New_York","Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
"US Mountain Standard Time","America/Phoenix","Arizona"
"Canada Central Standard Time","America/Regina","Saskatchewan"
"Pacific SA Standard Time","America/Santiago","Santiago"
"E. South America Standard Time","America/Sao_Paulo","Brasilia"
"Newfoundland Standard Time","America/St_Johns","Newfoundland"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Tijuana","Tijuana"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Almaty","Almaty"
"Arabic Standard Time","Asia/Baghdad","Baghdad"
"Azerbaijan Standard Time","Asia/Baku","Baku"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Bangkok"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Hanoi"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Chongqing","Chongqing"
"Sri Lanka Standard Time","Asia/Colombo","Sri Jayawardenepura"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Astana"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Dhaka"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Hong_Kong","Hong Kong"
"North Asia East Standard Time","Asia/Irkutsk","Irkutsk"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Jakarta","Jakarta"
"Israel Standard Time","Asia/Jerusalem","Jerusalem"
"Afghanistan Standard Time","Asia/Kabul","Kabul"
"Russia Time Zone 11","Asia/Kamchatka","Kamchatka"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Islamabad"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Karachi"
"Nepal Standard Time","Asia/Kathmandu","Kathmandu"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Chennai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Kolkata"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Mumbai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","New Delhi"
"North Asia Standard Time","Asia/Krasnoyarsk","Krasnoyarsk"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Kuala_Lumpur","Kuala Lumpur"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Kuwait","Kuwait"
"Magadan Standard Time","Asia/Magadan","Magadan"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Abu Dhabi"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Muscat"
"N. Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Novosibirsk","Novosibirsk"
"Myanmar Standard Time","Asia/Rangoon","Rangoon"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Riyadh","Riyadh"
"Korea Standard Time","Asia/Seoul","Seoul"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Shanghai","Beijing"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Singapore","Singapore"
"Russia Time Zone 10","Asia/Srednekolymsk","Srednekolymsk"
"Taipei Standard Time","Asia/Taipei","Taipei"
"West Asia Standard Time","Asia/Tashkent","Tashkent"
"Georgian Standard Time","Asia/Tbilisi","Tbilisi"
"Iran Standard Time","Asia/Tehran","Tehran"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Osaka"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Sapporo"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Tokyo"
"Ulaanbaatar Standard Time","Asia/Ulaanbaatar","Ulaanbaatar"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Urumqi","Urumqi"
"Vladivostok Standard Time","Asia/Vladivostok","Vladivostok"
"Yakutsk Standard Time","Asia/Yakutsk","Yakutsk"
"Ekaterinburg Standard Time","Asia/Yekaterinburg","Ekaterinburg"
"Caucasus Standard Time","Asia/Yerevan","Yerevan"
"Azores Standard Time","Atlantic/Azores","Azores"
"Cape Verde Standard Time","Atlantic/Cape_Verde","Cape Verde Is."
"UTC-02","Atlantic/South_Georgia","Mid-Atlantic"
"Cen. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Adelaide","Adelaide"
"E. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Brisbane","Brisbane"
"AUS Central Standard Time","Australia/Darwin","Darwin"
"Tasmania Standard Time","Australia/Hobart","Hobart"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Canberra"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Melbourne"
"W. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Perth","Perth"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Sydney","Sydney"
"UTC","Etc/UTC","UTC"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Amsterdam","Amsterdam"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Athens","Athens"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Belgrade","Belgrade"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Berlin"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Bern"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Bratislava","Bratislava"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Brussels","Brussels"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Bucharest","Bucharest"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Budapest","Budapest"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Copenhagen","Copenhagen"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Dublin","Dublin"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Helsinki","Helsinki"
"Turkey Standard Time","Europe/Istanbul","Istanbul"
"Kaliningrad Standard Time","Europe/Kaliningrad","Kaliningrad"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Kiev","Kyiv"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Lisbon","Lisbon"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Ljubljana","Ljubljana"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","Edinburgh"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","London"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Madrid","Madrid"
"Belarus Standard Time","Europe/Minsk","Minsk"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","Moscow"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","St. Petersburg"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Paris","Paris"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Prague","Prague"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Riga","Riga"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Rome","Rome"
"Russia Time Zone 3","Europe/Samara","Samara"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Sarajevo","Sarajevo"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Skopje","Skopje"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Sofia","Sofia"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Stockholm","Stockholm"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Tallinn","Tallinn"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Vienna","Vienna"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Vilnius","Vilnius"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Volgograd","Volgograd"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Warsaw","Warsaw"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Zagreb","Zagreb"
"Samoa Standard Time","Pacific/Apia","Samoa"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Auckland"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Wellington"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Fakaofo","Tokelau Is."
"Fiji Standard Time","Pacific/Fiji","Fiji"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guadalcanal","Solomon Is."
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guam","Guam"
"Hawaiian Standard Time","Pacific/Honolulu","Hawaii"
"UTC+12","Pacific/Majuro","Marshall Is."
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","International Date Line West"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","Midway Island"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Noumea","New Caledonia"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Pago_Pago","American Samoa"
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Port_Moresby","Port Moresby"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Tongatapu","Nuku'alofa"
请注意，上面的列表包括多个 Rails 区域映射回同一 Windows 区域的条目。 在 Windows-to-Rails 方向上映射时，您可能只想选择其中之一。
此外，上述列表不包括无法映射的区域，如下所示 （CSV）：
"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"","Pacific/Chatham","Chatham Is."
"Dateline Standard Time","Etc/GMT+12",""
"Pacific Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Santa_Isabel",""
"Eastern Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Cancun",""
"Paraguay Standard Time","America/Asuncion",""
"Central Brazilian Standard Time","America/Cuiaba",""
"SA Eastern Standard Time","America/Cayenne",""
"Bahia Standard Time","America/Bahia",""
"Namibia Standard Time","Africa/Windhoek",""
"Jordan Standard Time","Asia/Amman",""
"Middle East Standard Time","Asia/Beirut",""
"Syria Standard Time","Asia/Damascus",""
"E. Europe Standard Time","Etc/GMT-2",""
"Libya Standard Time","Africa/Tripoli",""
"Mauritius Standard Time","Indian/Mauritius",""
"Line Islands Standard Time","Pacific/Kiritimati",""
多亏了
@MattJohnson-Pint，经过长时间的研究，我能够解决这个问题，但我使用了更简单的解决方案。
所以我有一个Rails应用程序需要处理来自不同邮件服务器（Outlook）的iCalendar文件，这导致了尝试解释Microsoft时区的问题。
由于属性问题，我无法在此处发布我的完整代码，但事情就是这样：
1） 在程序的每次启动时从 CLDR 项目主版下载 windowsZone.xml 映射文件。2） 在验证时区字符串时，请先检查 Ruby 时区：
ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all.any? { |tz| tz.name == tzid }
3） 然后从 TZInfo 宝石中检查 IANA 时区：
TZInfo::TimezoneProxy.all.any? { |tz| tz.identifier == tzid }
4）如果你有一个Microsoft时区，请检查你的映射文件，Nokogiri：：XML非常有帮助。
5） 否则发送错误。
这似乎工作正常，我希望我能够提供帮助，以防万一有人在 2020+ :)