我正在使用Hibernate（尝试学习）和Derby；我使用Squirrel和SQL脚本创建和检查数据库，并在程序中向其中写入3条记录。
我得到"无法在事务仍处于活动状态时关闭连接"；它似乎出现在hibernate的配置过程中，但我在数据库中创建的记录无论如何都会写在那里。我尝试了非"40"驱动程序，我将用户名和密码作为URL参数输入，而不是在hibernate配置中单独输入，我不知道还有什么其他事务可能在运行。我在循环中的create（）调用处放置了一个断点，当它被命中时，错误已经出现在控制台中，所以这与我正在写的记录无关。有人有其他想法吗？
这是主要程序代码：
package samplerc;
import sample.CreateUser;
public class CreateRecords
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
String[][] userList =
{ { "rc", "1" },
{ "pbh", "2" },
{ "jbc", "3" }
};
CreateUser userCreator = new CreateUser();
userCreator.addUserList(userList);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这是CreateUser:
package sample;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import sample.dao.DAO;
import sample.entity.User;
public class CreateUser extends DAO
{
public void addUserList(String[][] userList)
throws Exception
{
try
{
for (int i=0; i<userList.length; i++)
{
create(userList[i][0], userList[i][1]);
System.out.println("Created user");
DAO.close();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public User create(String username, String password) throws Exception
{
try
{
begin();
User user = new User(username, password);
getSession().save(user);
commit();
return user;
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
throw new Exception("Could not create user " + username, e);
}
}
}
DAO基类曾经在这里；它现在在下面的编辑中，因为我替换了它：
hibernate配置文件：
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url"> jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/C:/Users/rcook/workspaceGalileoLaptop/BHChap3/BegHibernateDB</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver40 </property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">admin</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">admin</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect </property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">0</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">false</property>
<!-- "Import" the mapping resources here -->
<mapping class="sample.entity.Message"/>
<mapping class="sample.entity.Advert"/>
<mapping class="sample.entity.Category"/>
<mapping class="sample.entity.User"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
日志文件曾经在这里；由于发布限制，我已经删除了它，因为我在下面的编辑中有另一个日志。
--Guido回答后更新
圭多，这是一个非常好的主意，我确信这是对的。不幸的是，我所做的更改似乎并没有解决它
package sample.dao;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class DAO
{
private static final Logger log = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
private static final ThreadLocal threadLocalSession = new ThreadLocal();
protected DAO()
{
}
private static synchronized SessionFactory getSessionFactory()
{
if (sessionFactory == null)
{
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
return sessionFactory;
}
public static Session getSession()
{
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(String.format("getting session, thread = '%s'", threadName));
Session localSession = (Session) DAO.threadLocalSession.get();
if (localSession == null)
{
try
{
localSession = getSessionFactory().openSession();
DAO.threadLocalSession.set(localSession);
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return localSession;
}
protected void begin()
{
try
{
getSession().beginTransaction();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
protected void commit()
{
try
{
getSession().getTransaction().commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
protected void rollback()
{
try
{
getSession().getTransaction().rollback();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
log.log(Level.WARNING, "Cannot rollback", e);
}
try
{
getSession().close();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
log.log(Level.WARNING, "Cannot close", e);
}
DAO.threadLocalSession.set(null);
}
public static void close()
{
getSession().close();
// try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException ie) {}
DAO.threadLocalSession.set(null);
}
}
这是新的日志文件。我坚持使用trace语句，发现它的输出与其他输出相比很有趣。欢迎您（或其他任何人）有任何其他想法。
Starting...
getting session, thread = 'main'
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version <clinit>
INFO: Hibernate Commons Annotations 3.2.0.Final
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: Hibernate 3.6.10.Final
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: hibernate.properties not found
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment buildBytecodeProvider
INFO: Bytecode provider name : javassist
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: using JDK 1.4 java.sql.Timestamp handling
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration configure
INFO: configuring from resource: /hibernate.cfg.xml
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration getConfigurationInputStream
INFO: Configuration resource: /hibernate.cfg.xml
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.util.DTDEntityResolver resolveEntity
WARNING: recognized obsolete hibernate namespace http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/. Use namespace http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ instead. Refer to Hibernate 3.6 Migration Guide!
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration doConfigure
INFO: Configured SessionFactory: null
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder bindClass
INFO: Binding entity from annotated class: sample.entity.Message
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder bindTable
INFO: Bind entity sample.entity.Message on table Message
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder bindClass
INFO: Binding entity from annotated class: sample.entity.Advert
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder bindTable
INFO: Bind entity sample.entity.Advert on table Advert
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder bindClass
INFO: Binding entity from annotated class: sample.entity.Category
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder bindTable
INFO: Bind entity sample.entity.Category on table Category
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder bindClass
INFO: Binding entity from annotated class: sample.entity.User
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder bindTable
INFO: Bind entity sample.entity.User on table AdUser
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration applyHibernateValidatorLegacyConstraintsOnDDL
INFO: Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.search.HibernateSearchEventListenerRegister enableHibernateSearch
INFO: Unable to find org.hibernate.search.event.FullTextIndexEventListener on the classpath. Hibernate Search is not enabled.
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider configure
INFO: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider configure
INFO: Hibernate connection pool size: 0
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider configure
INFO: autocommit mode: false
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider configure
INFO: using driver: org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver40 at URL: jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/BegHibernateDB
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider configure
INFO: connection properties: {user=admin, password=****}
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Database ->
name : Apache Derby
version : 10.8.1.2 - (1095077)
major : 10
minor : 8
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Driver ->
name : Apache Derby Network Client JDBC Driver
version : 10.8.1.2 - (1095077)
major : 10
minor : 8
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
WARNING: Could not obtain connection to query metadata
java.sql.SQLException: Cannot close a connection while a transaction is still active.
at org.apache.derby.client.am.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.am.SqlException.getSQLException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.am.Connection.closeResourcesX(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.am.Connection.closeX(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.closeX(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.am.Connection.close(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.close(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection40.close(Unknown Source)
at org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider.closeConnection(DriverManagerConnectionProvider.java:160)
at org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory.buildSettings(SettingsFactory.java:143)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettingsInternal(Configuration.java:2863)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettings(Configuration.java:2859)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1870)
at sample.dao.DAO.getSessionFactory(DAO.java:25)
at sample.dao.DAO.getSession(DAO.java:39)
at sample.dao.DAO.begin(DAO.java:55)
at sample.CreateUser.create(CreateUser.java:77)
at sample.CreateUser.addUserList(CreateUser.java:61)
at samplerc.CreateRecords.main(CreateRecords.java:19)
Caused by: org.apache.derby.client.am.SqlException: Cannot close a connection while a transaction is still active.
at org.apache.derby.client.am.Connection.checkForTransactionInProgress(Unknown Source)
... 17 more
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.transaction.TransactionFactoryFactory buildTransactionFactory
INFO: Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions)
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.transaction.TransactionManagerLookupFactory getTransactionManagerLookup
INFO: No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended)
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Scrollable result sets: enabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: JDBC3 getGeneratedKeys(): disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Connection release mode: auto
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Default batch fetch size: 1
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Generate SQL with comments: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Order SQL updates by primary key: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Order SQL inserts for batching: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory createQueryTranslatorFactory
INFO: Query translator: org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory <init>
INFO: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Query language substitutions: {}
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: JPA-QL strict compliance: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Second-level cache: enabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Query cache: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory createRegionFactory
INFO: Cache region factory : org.hibernate.cache.impl.NoCachingRegionFactory
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Optimize cache for minimal puts: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Structured second-level cache entries: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Statistics: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Deleted entity synthetic identifier rollback: disabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Default entity-mode: pojo
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Named query checking : enabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:21 AM org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory buildSettings
INFO: Check Nullability in Core (should be disabled when Bean Validation is on): enabled
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryImpl <init>
INFO: building session factory
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [characters_clob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.PrimitiveCharacterArrayClobType@494eaec9
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [materialized_clob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.MaterializedClobType@4cb533b8
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [wrapper_materialized_blob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.WrappedMaterializedBlobType@c569c60
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [materialized_blob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.MaterializedBlobType@a3468f4
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [blob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.BlobType@76d67067
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [java.sql.Blob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.BlobType@76d67067
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [clob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.ClobType@786db724
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [java.sql.Clob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.ClobType@786db724
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry register
INFO: Type registration [wrapper_characters_clob] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.CharacterArrayClobType@11c7865b
Feb 19, 2013 10:25:22 AM org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryObjectFactory addInstance
INFO: Not binding factory to JNDI, no JNDI name configured
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
Created user
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
Created user
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
getting session, thread = 'main'
Created user
getting session, thread = 'main'
这是因为在扩展DAO的四个映射类中的每一个的初始化（<clinit>，而不是构造函数）中，都会执行以下操作：
private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory =
new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
编写一个合适的Hibernate Util类（例如这里的类）；或者做一些类似的事情：
private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private static synchronized SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
return sessionFactory;
}
然后仅通过getSessionFactory（）引用sessionFactory。
编辑：看看这个：https://forum.hibernate.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=953499
这正是你的问题，请检查你的数据库和该数据库的架构实际上在预期的位置。
编辑2：阅读第101行的注释，然后尝试设置属性hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults属性设置为false。
该属性已从hibernate 4.x 中删除
我在当前Hibernate源代码中查找代码路径（参见堆栈跟踪）试图关闭连接的位置
尽管我在[1]中查看的源代码与您的堆栈跟踪不太匹配，但我相信Hibernate只是在设置过程中向Derby查询了数据库元数据。即使是只读查询也会在Derby中设置事务
如果Hibernate在JDBC自动提交关闭的情况下运行此查询，并且在尝试关闭连接之前忽略了提交（或回滚）事务，则会看到此错误。我建议联系Hibernate的人员。也许他们的德比方言需要调整一下。
谢谢，
Dag
[1]https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-orm/blob/master/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/SettingsFactory.java