Fortran2003:指向函数的过程指针,返回指向多态类型的指针



对于一个新项目,我正在考虑使用Fortran2003的面向对象功能。我尝试过的一件事涉及到一个过程指针,它指向一个函数(而不是子程序),该函数返回一个多态类型的指针。我想知道这样的构造是否合法,因为我从不同的编译器那里得到了混合的结果(见下文)。

作为一个具体的例子,考虑以下功能接口:

abstract interface
   function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
      import :: test_t
      class(test_t),pointer       :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
   end function if_new_test
end interface

使用代码应该有一个过程指针,可以指向具有以下接口的函数:

procedure(if_new_test),pointer :: nt

我想问这是否合法,因为gfortran(4.7.2)抱怨这个过程的指针声明带有消息:

错误:(1)处的CLASS变量'nt'必须是伪变量、可分配变量或指针

我不理解这个错误消息,因为nt本身就是一个指针,它指向的函数返回的也是一个指针。

以下是示例的完整源代码,以供参考。第一,包含我的派生类型、接口和函数/子程序的模块:

module test_m
   implicit none
   type :: test_t
      character(len=10) :: label
      contains
      procedure :: print => print_test
   end type test_t
   type,extends(test_t) :: test2_t
      character(len=10) :: label2
      contains
      procedure :: print => print_test2
   end type test2_t
   abstract interface
      function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
         import :: test_t
         class(test_t),pointer       :: t
         character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      end function if_new_test
      subroutine if_make_test(t,lbls)
         import :: test_t
         class(test_t),pointer       :: t
         character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      end subroutine if_make_test
   end interface
   contains
   subroutine print_test(self)
      implicit none
      class(test_t),intent(in) :: self
      print *, self%label
   end subroutine print_test
   subroutine print_test2(self)
      implicit none
      class(test2_t),intent(in) :: self
      print *, self%label, self%label2
   end subroutine print_test2
   function new_test(lbls) result(t)
      implicit none
      class(test_t),pointer       :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      call make_test(t,lbls)
   end function new_test
   function new_test2(lbls) result(t)
      implicit none
      class(test_t),pointer       :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      call make_test2(t,lbls)
   end function new_test2
   subroutine make_test(t,lbls)
      implicit none
      class(test_t),pointer       :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      allocate(test_t::t)
      t%label = lbls(1)
   end subroutine make_test
   subroutine make_test2(t,lbls)
      implicit none
      class(test_t),pointer       :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
      allocate(test2_t::t)
      select type(t) ! so the compiler knows the actual type
         type is(test2_t)
            t%label  = lbls(1)
            t%label2 = lbls(2)
         class default
            stop 1
      end select
   end subroutine make_test2  
end module test_m

而使用该模块的主要程序:

program test
   use test_m
   implicit none
   class(test_t),pointer           :: p
   procedure(if_make_test),pointer :: mt
   procedure(if_new_test),pointer  :: nt
   mt => make_test
   call mt(p,["foo"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   mt => make_test2
   call mt(p,["bar","baz"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   p => new_test(["foo"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   p => new_test2(["bar","baz"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   nt => new_test
   p => nt(["foo"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   nt => new_test2
   p => nt(["bar","baz"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
end program test

该程序首先通过子例程make_testmake_test2创建对象,在我的测试中,这适用于我尝试过的所有编译器。接下来,通过直接调用函数new_testnew_test2来创建对象,这也适用于我的测试。最后,对象应该再次通过这些函数创建,但要通过过程指针nt间接创建。

如上所述,gfortran(4.7.2)没有编译nt的声明。

ifort(12.0.4.191)在nt => new_test行产生内部编译器错误。

pgfortran(12.9)在没有警告的情况下编译,可执行文件会产生预期的结果。

那么,根据Fortran2003,我试图做的是非法的,还是编译器对这些功能的支持仍然不足?我应该只使用子例程而不是函数吗(因为这似乎很有效)?

您的代码似乎很好。我可以用英特尔13.0.1和NAG 5.3.1编译它,没有任何问题。较老的编译器可能会遇到Fortran 2003中更"花哨"的功能问题。

根据问题的不同,您也可以使用可分配类型而不是指针。另一方面,应该更防内存泄漏,您将无法返回函数的多态类型:

module test_m
  implicit none
  type :: test_t
    character(len=10) :: label
  contains
    procedure :: print => print_test
  end type test_t
  type,extends(test_t) :: test2_t
    character(len=10) :: label2
  contains
    procedure :: print => print_test2
  end type test2_t
  abstract interface
    function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
      import :: test_t
      class(test_t), allocatable :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
    end function if_new_test
    subroutine if_make_test(t,lbls)
      import :: test_t
      class(test_t), allocatable :: t
      character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
    end subroutine if_make_test
  end interface
contains
  subroutine print_test(self)
    class(test_t), intent(in) :: self
    print *, self%label
  end subroutine print_test
  subroutine print_test2(self)
    class(test2_t), intent(in) :: self
    print *, self%label, self%label2
  end subroutine print_test2
  subroutine make_test(t,lbls)
    class(test_t), allocatable :: t
    character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
    allocate(test_t::t)
    t%label = lbls(1)
  end subroutine make_test
  subroutine make_test2(t,lbls)
    class(test_t), allocatable :: t
    character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
    allocate(test2_t::t)
    select type(t) ! so the compiler knows the actual type
    type is(test2_t)
      t%label  = lbls(1)
      t%label2 = lbls(2)
    class default
      stop 1
    end select
  end subroutine make_test2
end module test_m

program test
   use test_m
   implicit none
   class(test_t), allocatable :: p
   procedure(if_make_test), pointer :: mt
   mt => make_test
   call mt(p, ["foo"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
   mt => make_test2
   call mt(p, ["bar","baz"])
   call p%print
   deallocate(p)
end program test

还有一句话:模块级的隐式none语句是由模块过程"继承"的,因此不必在每个额外的子例程中都发出它。

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