C++在使用运算符=()时使用copy ctor-这正是如何工作的



C++将运算符=()赋值转换为构造的具体规则是什么?例如Foo foo = bar,如果Foo的构造函数接受bar作为参数(如果它存在的话),那么它实际上会调用它。我在谷歌上搜索了一下它是如何工作的,但似乎什么都找不到。

我很难弄清楚为什么下面的赋值试图采用构造函数,但没有采用明显正确的构造函数:HandlePtr(TYPE&resource)。使用实际构造语法进行构造可以很好地工作,但使用赋值运算符则不行。

代码(显然是为了简洁而编辑的):

template< typename TYPE >
class HandlePtr {
public:
    HandlePtr( void ) = default;
    HandlePtr( HandlePtr< TYPE >& other ) = default;
    HandlePtr( TYPE& resource ) {} // generally I would make this explicit, but for testing purposes I took it out
    ~HandlePtr( void ) = default;
public:
    HandlePtr<TYPE>& operator=( TYPE& resource ) { return *this; }
    HandlePtr<TYPE>& operator=( HandlePtr<TYPE>& other ) { return *this; }
};
int main ( void ) {
    int x = 5;
    HandlePtr< int > g( x ); // works
    HandlePtr< int > i;i = x; // works
    HandlePtr< int > h = x; // doesn't work
            // also tried this just out of curiosity:
    HandlePtr< int > h = HandlePtr< int >( x ); // also does not work
    return 0;
}

错误:

shit.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
try.cpp:19:24: error: no matching function for call to ‘HandlePtr<int>::HandlePtr(HandlePtr<int>)’
   HandlePtr< int > h = x; // doesn't work
                        ^
try.cpp:19:24: note: candidates are:
try.cpp:7:3: note: HandlePtr<TYPE>::HandlePtr(TYPE&) [with TYPE = int]
   HandlePtr( TYPE& resource ) {} // generally I would make this explicit, but for testing purposes I took it out
   ^
try.cpp:7:3: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘HandlePtr<int>’ to ‘int&’
try.cpp:6:3: note: HandlePtr<TYPE>::HandlePtr(HandlePtr<TYPE>&) [with TYPE = int]
   HandlePtr( HandlePtr< TYPE >& other ) = default;
   ^
try.cpp:6:3: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘HandlePtr<int>’ to ‘HandlePtr<int>&’
try.cpp:5:3: note: HandlePtr<TYPE>::HandlePtr() [with TYPE = int]
   HandlePtr( void ) = default;
   ^
try.cpp:5:3: note:   candidate expects 0 arguments, 1 provided
try.cpp:20:20: error: redeclaration of ‘HandlePtr<int> h’
   HandlePtr< int > h = HandlePtr< int >( x ); // also does not work
                    ^
try.cpp:19:20: error: ‘HandlePtr<int> h’ previously declared here
   HandlePtr< int > h = x; // doesn't work

您在声明中忽略了这一点

T t = u;

这不是赋值运算符。t = u;不是声明的子表达式。这里唯一的表达式是u;并且表达式CCD_ 4的评估结果被用作正在声明的对象CCD_。

如果u具有类型T,则t是从u复制构造的。

如果u不具有类型T,则首先需要将u转换为类型T。这将创建类型为T右值

您没有任何接受右值的构造函数,因此T t = u;和相同的T t = T(u);都会失败。但是,T t(u)成功了,因为没有创建任何右值;值CCD_ 18被用作构造函数CCD_。

简化代码示例:

struct T
{
    T(int &);
    T(T&);
    T();
    T &operator=(int &);
};
int main()
{
    int x = 5;
    T g(x);   // OK, T(int &)
    T g2(5);   // fail, looks for T(int const &)
    T i;      // OK, T()
    i = x;    // OK, T::operator=(int&)
    T h3 = i; // OK, T(T&)
    T h1 = T(x);    // fail, looks for T(T const &)
    T h2 = x;       // fail, identical to previous line 
}

通常应该使用const &作为复制构造函数和赋值运算符的参数;那么所有这些"失败"的情况都变为"OK",因为右值可以绑定到常量引用。

相关内容

  • 没有找到相关文章

最新更新