在matplotlib图中将鼠标收缩到画布区域

Question

我正在尝试编写自己的裁剪功能，以便我可以从较大的图像中选择一个区域，然后对其执行一些其他操作。我使用matplotlib导入和显示图像:self.img=plt.imread("someimage.png")

如果我留在画布区域，这工作得很好:

 def __onclick__(self, event):
    self.point=[]
    if event.xdata is not None:
        xholder=event.xdata
    else:
        xholder = 0
    if event.ydata is not None:
        yholder = event.ydata
    else:
        yholder = 0 
    self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
def __onrelease__(self,event):
    if event.xdata is not None:
        xholder=event.xdata
    else:
        xholder = self.img.shape[0]
    if event.ydata is not None:
        yholder = event.ydata
    else:
        yholder = self.img.shape[1]
    self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
    self.plotcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img[self.point[0][1]:self.point[1][1],self.point[0][0]:self.point[1][0]])
    self.plotcanvas.draw()

然而，一旦我离开画布边界event.xdata和event.ydata返回(None,None)。无论如何，只要在画布区域中注册鼠标单击，就可以将鼠标移动限制为画布区域?

编辑代码，允许导入。png文件，然后裁剪它

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QTAgg as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np

class Example(QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Example, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):           
        self.statusBar()
        self.form_widget=FormWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.form_widget)
        openFile = QtGui.QAction('Open', self)
        openFile.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
        openFile.setStatusTip('Open new File')
        openFile.triggered.connect(self.showDialog)
        toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
        toolbar.addAction(openFile)
        self.show()
    def showDialog(self):
        fname = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file', 
                '/home')
        self.form_widget.redraw(fname)
class FormWidget(QtGui.QWidget):
    def __init__(self,parent):        
        super(FormWidget,self).__init__() 
        self.layout=QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.mpcanvas=MyMplCanvas(self)
        self.plotcanvas=MyMplCanvas(self)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.plotcanvas)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.mpcanvas)
        self.setLayout(self.layout)
        self.cidpresscsv=self.mpcanvas.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.__onclick__)
        self.cidreleasecsv=self.mpcanvas.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.__onrelease__)
    def redraw(self,fname):
        self.mpcanvas.axes=self.mpcanvas.fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.img=plt.imread(fname)
        self.mpcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img)
        self.mpcanvas.draw()
    def __onclick__(self, event):
        self.point=[]
        if event.xdata is not None:
            xholder=event.xdata
        else:
            xholder = 0
        if event.ydata is not None:
            yholder = event.ydata
        else:
            yholder = 0
        self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
    def __onrelease__(self,event):
        if event.xdata is not None:
            xholder=event.xdata
        else:
            xholder = self.img.shape[0]
        if event.ydata is not None:
            yholder = event.ydata
        else:
            yholder = self.img.shape[1]
        self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
        self.plotcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img[self.point[0][1]:self.point[1][1],self.point[0][0]:self.point[1][0]])
        self.plotcanvas.draw()


class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.fig.tight_layout()
        self.axes.hold(False)
        self.compute_initial_figure()
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        pass

def main():
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这是删去所有不必要的东西后的结果，仍然可以制作一个功能程序，允许您导入。png文件，然后从中剔除一个区域。我确信Ed Smith提出的Rectangle选择器可能会工作，但是我在让示例代码工作时遇到了麻烦，并且对值存储的位置以及click和释放如何在与其他事件处理程序的上下文中工作感到困惑。恐怕我对matplotlib和python不是很精通。

Answer 1

使用框选择器matplotlib小部件可能是最简单的方法。您可以将代码与您的图像一起使用:

from matplotlib.widgets import  RectangleSelector
from pylab import *
def onselect(eclick, erelease):
  'eclick and erelease are matplotlib events at press and release'
  print ' startposition : (%f, %f)' % (eclick.xdata, eclick.ydata)
  print ' endposition   : (%f, %f)' % (erelease.xdata, erelease.ydata)
  print ' used button   : ', eclick.button
def toggle_selector(event):
    print ' Key pressed.'
    if event.key in ['Q', 'q'] and toggle_selector.RS.active:
        print ' RectangleSelector deactivated.'
        toggle_selector.RS.set_active(False)
    if event.key in ['A', 'a'] and not toggle_selector.RS.active:
        print ' RectangleSelector activated.'
        toggle_selector.RS.set_active(True)
fig = figure
ax = subplot(111)
A = np.random.random((30,30))
ax.imshow(A)
toggle_selector.RS = RectangleSelector(ax, onselect, drawtype='box')
connect('key_press_event', toggle_selector)
show()

虽然鼠标不局限于方框，但当minspanx和minspany为None时，默认行为是限制返回的坐标到方框。我不认为你可以轻易地将鼠标移动限制在画布上。