ORDER BY别名不起作用

Question

更新问题：

ERROR:  column "Fruits" does not exist

运行Postgres7.4（是的，我们正在升级）

为什么我不能按列别名排序？想要tof。ORDER BY中的"TypeOfFruits"也是，为什么？

SELECT (CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END) AS "Fruits",
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 DAY' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS daily, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 MONTH' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS monthly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 YEAR' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS yearly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date >= '01-01-2011 00:00:00' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS lifetime 
FROM reports AS r, "TypeOfFruits" AS tof 
WHERE r.id = tof."ID" 
GROUP BY "Fruits"
ORDER BY CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 
END

截至目前的结果

Fruits;daily;monthly;yearly;lifetime
"Apple";17;1174;3136;3136
"Pear";28;94;94;94
"Grapes";0;191;490;490
"Other";0;2;27;27
"Other";0;0;1;1
"Other";0;0;27;27
"Other";0;6;28;28
"Other";0;58;229;229
"Other";0;3;3;3
"Other";0;0;1;1

期望的结果是一行加上"其他"的总数，因此总共四行（x为总数）

Fruits;daily;monthly;yearly;lifetime
"Apple";17;1174;3136;3136
"Pear";28;94;94;94
"Grapes";0;191;490;490
"Other";x;x;x;x

Answer 1

您可以使用ORDER BY 1按第一个字段排序，即"水果"。同样适用于GROUP BY

更新

对于订单，不要在order by中执行case，而是在..中创建一个新列。。第二个位置：

(CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 ) as Order

然后在你的ORDER BY 2。

Answer 2

原因可以在文档中找到：

[ORDER BY列表中]的每个表达式可以是输出列（SELECT列表项）的名称或序号，也可以是由输入-列值形成的任意表达式。

（我的重点）

原因是旧版本的SQL标准（SQL-92）只允许按输出列名或编号排序，而新版本允许按任意表达式排序，但这些表达式是由输入列值组成的。

其他答案已经包含了适合您情况的各种解决方法。

Answer 3

别名是在订单之后指定的，因此您不能在订单中使用它。请改用此：

(CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END)

Answer 4

考虑以下内容：

SELECT * FROM (SELECT (CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END) AS "Fruits", 
    (CASE 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 1 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 2 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 END) as NUM
        FROM ..... <rest of your query without group by and order by .....
    )
GROUP BY Fruits
ORDER BY NUM

Answer 5

你可以试试这样的。。。未经测试，但我看到过类似的查询
让我知道它是否有效。。。

SELECT "Fruits",
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 DAY' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS daily, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 MONTH' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS monthly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 YEAR' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS yearly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date >= '01-01-2011 00:00:00' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS lifetime 
FROM reports AS r
    ,(SELECT "ID",
             CASE
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
                ELSE 'Other'
             END AS "Fruits" FROM "TypeOfFruits" ) AS "tof"
WHERE r.id = tof."ID" 
GROUP BY "Fruits"
ORDER BY CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 
END

Answer 6

尝试使用backticks（`）而不是单引号/双引号来包装别名。

MySQL也有同样的问题；backticks解决了这个问题。