递归检查 Python 中的平衡字符串



我已经坚持了一段时间,我无法提出递归情况,特别是我不明白如何拆分列表以检查其是否平衡。如果有人能帮助我,我将不胜感激。

def balanced_str(s):
    """
    Return whether string s is balanced or not. A balanced string is one where
    the string contains no parentheses
    >>> balanced_str('a')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('abbcsi')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('ak)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('hah(dh')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('()')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(hghghgh)')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((a))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((hahsh))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(gfjf)h)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('(hhg)(hfhg)')
    True
    """
    if '(' not in s and ')' not in s:
        return True
    elif '(' in s and ')' not in s or ')' in s and '(' not in s:
        return False
    else:
        if s[0] == '(' and s[len(s) - 1] == ')':
            return balanced_str(s[1:len(s) - 2])

一种简单的迭代方法可能是创建一个微小的词法分析器。当出现左括号(时,它将增加计数器o,如果出现右括号),它将减少计数器。如果同时搜索字符串,计数器o变为负数,或者在循环结束时计数器o不为零,则测试失败:

def balanced_str(s):
   o = 0
   for c in s:
       if c == ')':
          if o <= 0:
             # this only happens if there are more closing
             # parentheses then opening parentheses.
             return False
          o -= 1
       elif c == '(':
           o += 1
   # all parentheses should be closed
   return o == 0

对于您的测试用例,此方法有效:

>>> balanced_str('a')
True
>>> balanced_str('abbcsi')
True
>>> balanced_str('ak)')
False
>>> balanced_str('hah(dh')
False
>>> balanced_str('()')
True
>>> balanced_str('(hghghgh)')
True
>>> balanced_str('((a))')
True
>>> balanced_str('((hahsh))')
True
>>> balanced_str('(gfjf)h)')
False
>>> balanced_str('(hug)(hfhg)')
True

对于递归方法,您可以创建一个采用更多参数(即我们目前看到的括号数)的小辅助函数。在这种方法下面,您可以看到如何在没有帮助程序函数的情况下通过使用global来做到这一点

def balanced_str(s):
    """
    Return whether string s is balanced or not. A balanced string is one where
    the string contains no parentheses
    >>> balanced_str('a')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('abbcsi')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('ak)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('hah(dh')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('()')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(hghghgh)')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((a))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((hahsh))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(gfjf)h)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('(hhg)(hfhg)')
    True
    """
    return helper(s,0)
def helper(s, numP):
    if len(s)==0: return numP==0
    if numP < 0: return False
    if s[0] == "(": return  helper(s[1:], numP+1)
    elif s[0] == ")": return  helper(s[1:], numP-1)
    return helper(s[1:], numP)

没有助手:

def balanced_str(s):
    """
    Return whether string s is balanced or not. A balanced string is one where
    the string contains no parentheses
    >>> balanced_str('a')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('abbcsi')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('ak)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('hah(dh')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('()')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(hghghgh)')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((a))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('((hahsh))')
    True
    >>> balanced_str('(gfjf)h)')
    False
    >>> balanced_str('(hhg)(hfhg)')
    True
    """
    try:
        numP
    except NameError:
        numP = 0
        global numP
    if len(s)==0: return numP==0
    if numP < 0: return False
    if s[0] == "(":
        numP += 1
        return balanced_str(s[1:])
    elif s[0] == ")":
        numP -= 1
        return balanced_str(s[1:])
    return balanced_str(s[1:])
这是我

的候选解决方案:

def balanced(iterable, semaphore=0):
    if semaphore < 0 or len(iterable) == 0:
        return semaphore == 0
    first, *rest = iterable
    return balanced(rest, semaphore + { "(": 1, ")": -1 }.get(first, 0))

我已将balanced_str()重命名为 balanced(),因为如果它编写正确,它应该处理字符串或字符列表(即可迭代对象):

>>> balanced('a')
True
>>> balanced(['a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 's', 'i'])
True
>>> balanced('ak)')
False
>>> balanced(['h', 'a', 'h', '(', 'd', 'h'])
False
>>> balanced('()')
True
>>> balanced(['(', 'h', 'g', 'h', 'g', 'h', 'g', 'h', ')'])
True
>>> balanced('((a))')
True
>>> balanced(['(', '(', 'h', 'a', 'h', 's', 'h', ')', ')'])
True
>>> balanced('(gfjf)h)')
False
>>> balanced(['(', 'h', 'h', 'g', ')', '(', 'h', 'f', 'h', 'g', ')'])
True

我相信其他提出的解决方案也是如此,而不仅仅是我的。

这是一种递归方法。我认为这是非常简洁直观的

def is_balanced(s, c=0):
    if len(s) == 0:
        if c == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    elif s[0] == "(":
        c = c + 1
        return is_balanced(s[1 : len(s)], c)
    elif s[0] == ")":
        c = c - 1
        return is_balanced(s[1 : len(s)], c)
    else:
        return is_balanced(s[1 : len(s)], c)

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