从 shell 脚本读取配置文件



我正在寻找一个类似于Pythons的ConfigParser或Perl的Config::INI的shell脚本。我过去曾获取文件来完成此操作,但我宁愿阅读而不是执行我的"配置文件"。有谁知道任何可与上述可用于 shell(或 bash)脚本的模块相媲美的东西?

你不想获取它,所以你应该:

1.阅读配置,2.验证行 3.评估它们

CONFIGFILE="/path/to/config"
echo "=$ADMIN= =$TODO= =$FILE=" #these variables are not defined here
eval $(sed '/:/!d;/^ *#/d;s/:/ /;' < "$CONFIGFILE" | while read -r key val
do
    #verify here
    #...
    str="$key='$val'"
    echo "$str"
done)
echo =$ADMIN= =$TODO= =$FILE= #here are defined

配置文件示例

ADMIN: root
TODO: delete
var=badly_formtatted_line_without_colon
#comment
FILE: /path/to/file

如果你运行上面的示例应该得到(未测试):

== == ==
=root= =delete= =/path/to/file=

当然这不是最好的解决方案 - 也许有人发布了更好的解决方案。

您可能想看看cfget可以与 sudo apt-get install cfget 一起安装。

#!/bin/bash 
# Author: CJ
# Date..: 01/03/2013
## sample INI file save below to a file, replace "^I" with tab
#^I [    SECTION ONE     ]  
#TOKEN_TWO^I ="Value1 two   "
#TOKEN_ONE=Value1 One
#TOKEN_THREE=^I"Value1^I three" # a comment string
#TOKEN_FOUR^I=^I"^IValue1 four"
#
#[SECTION_TWO]  
#TOKEN_ONE=Value1 One ^I^I^I# another comment string
#TOKEN_TWO^I ="Value1 two   "
#TOKEN_THREE=^I"Value1^I three"
#TOKEN_FOUR^I=^I"^IValue1 four"
## sample INI file
export INI= # allows access to the parsed INI values in toto by children
iniParse() {
    # Make word separator Linefeed(n)
    OIFS="${IFS}"
    IFS=$(echo)
    SECTION=_
    while read LINE; do {
        IFS="${OIFS}"
        # Skip blank lines
        TMP="$(echo "${LINE}"|sed -e "s/^[ t]*//")"
        if [ 0 -ne ${#TMP} ]; then
            # Ignore comment lines
            if [ '#' == "${LINE:0:1}" -o '*' == "${LINE:0:1}" ]; then
                continue
            fi # if [ '#' == "${LINE:0:1}" -o '*' == "${LINE:0:1}" ]; then
            # Section label
            if [ "[" == "${LINE:0:1}" ]; then
                LINE="${LINE/[/}"
                LINE="${LINE/]/}"
                LINE="${LINE/ /_}"
                SECTION=$(echo "${LINE}")_
            else
                LINE="$(echo "${LINE}"|sed -e "s/^[ t]*//")"
                LINE="$(echo "${LINE}"|cut -d# -f1)"
                TOKEN="$(echo "${LINE:0}"|cut -d= -f1)"
                EQOFS=${#TOKEN}
                TOKEN="$(echo "${TOKEN}"|sed -e "s/[ t]*//g")"
                VALUE="${LINE:${EQOFS}}"
                VALUE="$(echo "${VALUE}"|sed -e "s/^[ t=]*//")"
                VALUE="$(echo "${VALUE}"|sed -e "s/[ t]*$//")"
                if [ "${VALUE:0:1}" == '"' ]; then
                    echo -n "${SECTION}${TOKEN}=${VALUE}"
                    echo -e "r"
                else
                    echo -n "${SECTION}${TOKEN}=""${VALUE}"""
                    echo -e "r"
                fi # if [ "${VALUE:0:1}" == '"' ]; then
            fi # if [ "[" == "${LINE:0:1}" ]; then 
        fi # if [ 0 -ne ${#TMP} ]; then
        IFS=$(echo)
    } done <<< "$1"
    IFS="${OIFS}" # restore original IFS value
} # iniParse()
# call this function with the INI filespec
iniReader() {
    if [ -z "$1" ]; then return 1; fi
    TMPINI="$(<$1)"
    TMPINI="$(echo "${TMPINI}"|sed -e "s/r//g")"
    TMPINI="$(echo "${TMPINI}"|sed -e "s/[ t]*[[ t]*/[/g")"
    TMPINI="$(echo "${TMPINI}"|sed -e "s/[ t]*][ t]*/]/g")"
    INI=`iniParse "${TMPINI}"`
    INI="$(echo "${INI}"|sed -e "s/r/n/g")"
    eval "${INI}"
    return 0
} # iniReader() {
# sample usage
if iniReader $1 ; then
    echo INI read, exit_code $? # exit_code == 0
    cat <<< "${INI}"
    cat <<< "${SECTION_ONE_TOKEN_FOUR}"
    cat <<< "${SECTION_ONE_TOKEN_THREE}"
    cat <<< "${SECTION_TWO_TOKEN_TWO}"
    cat <<< "${SECTION_TWO_TOKEN_ONE}"
else
    echo usage: $0 filename.ini
fi # if iniReader $1 ; then
基于

grep的替代方案似乎更具可读性:

CONFIG_FILE='/your/config/file.ini'
eval $(grep '^[|^#' CONFIG_FILE -v | while read line
  do echo $line
done)

哪里:

  • -v grep 选项表示排除匹配的行
  • ^[|^#选择所有以[#开头的行(配置解析器部分和注释)

仅当您的配置文件周围没有空格时,它才会起作用=(如果您想使用 Python 生成配置,请使用space_around_delimiters=False https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html#configparser.ConfigParser.write)

支持的配置示例:

FIRST_VAR="a"
[lines started with [ will be ignored]
secondvar="b"
# some comment
anotherVar="c"

您可以使用 bash it-self 来解释 ini 值,方法是:

$ source <(grep = file.ini)

示例文件:

[section-a]
  var1=value1
  var2=value2

查看更多示例:如何在 shell 脚本中获取 INI 值?

或者你可以使用bash ini-parser,它可以在Old School DevOps博客网站上找到。

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