我正在学习RoR教程（第9.4章）。当所有的 rspec 测试都应该变成绿色时，我就是无法让我的测试工作。我运行捆绑执行 rspec spec/并得到四个失败，出现此错误：
Failures:
1) User pages index signup page with valid information after saving the user
Failure/Error: sign_in user
NoMethodError:
undefined method `email' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/support/utilities.rb:23:in `sign_in'
# ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (requi
red)>'
2) User pages index signup page with valid information after saving the user
Failure/Error: sign_in user
NoMethodError:
undefined method `email' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/support/utilities.rb:23:in `sign_in'
# ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (requi
red)>'
3) User pages index signup page with valid information after saving the user
Failure/Error: sign_in user
NoMethodError:
undefined method `email' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/support/utilities.rb:23:in `sign_in'
# ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (requi
red)>'
4) Authentication signin with invalid information after visiting another page
Failure/Error: it { should_not have_selector('div.alert.alert-error') }
expected #has_selector?("div.alert.alert-error") to return false, got tru
e
# ./spec/requests/authentication_pages_spec.rb:26:in `block (5 levels) in <
top (required)>'
Finished in 21.33 seconds
81 examples, 4 failures
实用程序.rb：
include ApplicationHelper
def valid_signin(user)
fill_in "Email", with: user.email
fill_in "Password", with: user.password
click_button "Sign in"
end
RSpec::Matchers.define :have_error_message do |message|
match do |page|
expect(page).to have_selector('div.alert.alert-error', text: message)
end
end
def sign_in(user, options={})
if options[:no_capybara]
# Sign in when not using Capybara.
remember_token = User.new_remember_token
cookies[:remember_token] = remember_token
user.update_attribute(:remember_token, User.encrypt(remember_token))
else
visit signin_path
fill_in "Email", with: user.email
fill_in "Password", with: user.password
click_button "Sign in"
end
end
user_page_spec.rb：
require 'spec_helper'
describe "User pages" do
subject { page }
describe "index" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before do
sign_in user
visit users_path
end
it { should have_title('All users') }
it { should have_content('All users') }
describe "pagination" do
before(:all) { 30.times { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } }
after(:all) { User.delete_all }
it { should have_selector('div.pagination') }
it "should list each user" do
User.paginate(page: 1).each do |user|
expect(page).to have_selector('li', text: user.name)
end
end
end
describe "delete links" do
it { should_not have_link('delete') }
describe "delete links" do
it { should_not have_link('delete') }
describe "as an admin user" do
let(:admin) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin) }
before do
sign_in admin
visit users_path
end
it { should have_link('delete', href: user_path(User.first)) }
it "should be able to delete another user" do
expect do
click_link('delete', match: :first)
end.to change(User, :count).by(-1)
end
it { should_not have_link('delete', href: user_path(admin)) }
end
end
end
describe "profile page" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before { visit user_path(user) }
it { should have_content(user.name) }
it { should have_title(user.name) }
end
describe "signup page" do
before { visit signup_path }
let(:submit) { "Create my account" }
describe "with invalid information" do
it "should not create a user" do
expect { click_button submit }.not_to change(User, :count)
end
end
describe "with valid information" do
before do
fill_in "Name", with: "Example User"
fill_in "Email", with: "user@example.com"
fill_in "Password", with: "foobar"
fill_in "Confirmation", with: "foobar"
end
it "should create a user" do
expect { click_button submit }.to change(User, :count).by(1)
end
describe "after saving the user" do
before { click_button submit }
let(:user) { User.find_by(email: 'user@example.com') }
it { should have_link('Sign out') }
it { should have_title(user.name) }
it { should have_selector('div.alert.alert-success', text: 'Welcome') }
end
end
end
describe "edit" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before do
sign_in user
visit edit_user_path(user)
end
describe "page" do
it { should have_content("Update your profile") }
it { should have_title("Edit user") }
it { should have_link('change', href: 'http://gravatar.com/emails') }
end
describe "with valid information" do
let(:new_name) { "New Name" }
let(:new_email) { "new@example.com" }
before do
fill_in "Name", with: new_name
fill_in "Email", with: new_email
fill_in "Password", with: user.password
fill_in "Confirm Password", with: user.password
click_button "Save changes"
end
it { should have_title(new_name) }
it { should have_selector('div.alert.alert-success') }
it { should have_link('Sign out', href: signout_path) }
specify { expect(user.reload.name).to eq new_name }
specify { expect(user.reload.email).to eq new_email }
end
end
end
end
authentication_pages_spec.rb：
require 'spec_helper'
describe "Authentication" do
subject { page }
describe "signin page" do
before { visit signin_path }
it { should have_content('Sign in') }
it { should have_title('Sign in') }
end
describe "signin" do
before { visit signin_path }
describe "with invalid information" do
before { click_button "Sign in" }
it { should have_title('Sign in') }
it { should have_selector('div.alert.alert-error') }
describe "after visiting another page" do
before { click_link "Home" }
it { should_not have_selector('div.alert.alert-error') }
end
end
describe "with valid information" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before { sign_in user }
it { should have_title(user.name) }
it { should have_link('Users', href: users_path) }
it { should have_link('Profile', href: user_path(user)) }
it { should have_link('Settings', href: edit_user_path(user)) }
it { should have_link('Sign out', href: signout_path) }
it { should_not have_link('Sign in', href: signin_path) }
describe "follower by signout" do
before {click_link "Sign out"}
it {should have_link('Sign in')}
end
end
end
describe "authorization" do
describe "for non-signed-in users" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
describe "when attempting to visit a protected page" do
before do
visit edit_user_path(user)
fill_in "Email", with: user.email
fill_in "Password", with: user.password
click_button "Sign in"
end
describe "after signing in" do
it "should render the desired protected page" do
expect(page).to have_title('Edit user')
end
end
end
describe "in the Users controller" do
describe "visiting the edit page" do
before { visit edit_user_path(user) }
it { should have_title('Sign in') }
end
describe "submitting to the update action" do
before { patch user_path(user) }
specify { expect(response).to redirect_to(signin_path) }
end
end
describe "visiting the user index" do
before { visit users_path }
it { should have_title('Sign in') }
end
end
describe "as wrong user" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
let(:wrong_user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user, email: "wrong@example.com") }
before { sign_in user, no_capybara: true }
describe "submitting a GET request to the Users#edit action" do
before { get edit_user_path(wrong_user) }
specify { expect(response.body).not_to match(full_title('Edit user')) }
specify { expect(response).to redirect_to(root_url) }
end
describe "submitting a PATCH request to the Users#update action" do
before { patch user_path(wrong_user) }
specify { expect(response).to redirect_to(root_url) }
end
end
describe "as non-admin user" do
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
let(:non_admin) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
before { sign_in non_admin, no_capybara: true }
describe "submitting a DELETE request to the Users#destroy action" do
before { delete user_path(user) }
specify { expect(response).to redirect_to(root_url) }
end
end
end
end
用户.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_secure_password
before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
before_create :create_remember_token
validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /A[w+-.]+@[a-zd-]+(.[a-z]+)*.[a-z]+z/i
validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
has_secure_password
validates :password, length: { minimum: 6 }
def User.new_remember_token
SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
end
def User.encrypt(token)
Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(token.to_s)
end
private
def create_remember_token
self.remember_token = User.encrypt(User.new_remember_token)
end
end
工厂.rb：
FactoryGirl.define do
factory :user do
sequence(:name) { |n| "Person #{n}" }
sequence(:email) { |n| "person_#{n}@example.com"}
password "foobar"
password_confirmation "foobar"
factory :admin do
admin true
end
end
end
导轨控制台测试：
irb(main):001:0> **user = FactoryGirl.build(:user)**
=> #<User id: nil, name: "Person 1", email: "person_1@example.com", created_at:
nil, updated_at: nil, password_digest: "$2a$04$LiRdaarU6QaX9PJa1uFjE.5e44SYRsmy1
OMY8A4EKZow...", remember_token: nil, admin: false>
irb(main):002:0> **user.valid?**
User Exists (1.0ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."email")
= LOWER('person_1@example.com') LIMIT 1
=> true
irb(main):003:0> **user.errors**
=> #<ActiveModel::Errors:0x49dd678 @base=#<User id: nil, name: "Person 1", email
: "person_1@example.com", created_at: nil, updated_at: nil, password_digest: "$2
a$04$LiRdaarU6QaX9PJa1uFjE.5e44SYRsmy1OMY8A4EKZow...", remember_token: nil, admi
n: false>, @messages={}>
我更改了 users_controller.rb，现在我只有 3 （1-3） 次失败
users_controller.rb：
class UsersController < ApplicationController
before_action :signed_in_user, only: [:index, :edit, :update, :destroy]
before_action :correct_user, only: [:edit, :update]
before_action :admin_user, only: :destroy
def index
@users = User.paginate(page: params[:page])
end
def show
@user = User.find(params[:id])
end
def new
@user = User.new
end
def create
@user = User.new(user_params)
if @user.save
sign_in @user
flash[:success] = "Welcome to the Sample App!"
redirect_to @user
else
render 'new'
end
end
def edit
end
def update
if @user.update_attributes(user_params)
flash[:success] = "Profile updated"
redirect_to @user
# Handle a successful update.
else
render 'edit'
end
end
def destroy
User.find(params[:id]).destroy
flash[:success] = "User deleted."
redirect_to users_url
end
private
def user_params
params.require(:user).permit(:name, :email, :password,
:password_confirmation)
end
# Before filters
def signed_in_user
unless signed_in?
store_location
redirect_to signin_url, notice: "Please sign in."
end
end
def correct_user
@user = User.find(params[:id])
redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user?(@user)
end
def admin_user
redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user.admin?
end
end
实际项目版本 - https://tranquil-waters-6116.herokuapp.com .也许这将有助于找到失败的原因/
如果我们也能看到factory :user在您的spec/factories.rb中是如何定义的，那就太好了，因为您对VALID_EMAIL_REGEX的定义不同。
对于初学者，您可以将正则表达式条件恢复为原始条件：
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /A[w+-.]+@[a-zd-.]+.[a-z]+z/i
或
确保验证部分与您的factory :user一起工作。
为了安全起见，请移除第二has_secure_password。
user_page_spec.rb 中的end语句之一放错了位置。 describe "index"块应在 describe "profile page" 之前结束。
即
describe "index" do
...
describe "pagination" do
...
end
describe "delete links" do
...
end
end
describe "profile page" do
...
end
describe "signup page" do
...
end
etc.
适用于注册的新用户，因此测试不应让用户先登录。
顺便说一句，你也有两次describe "delete links"，嵌套在自身内部，尽管这不是错误的原因;它只是重复一个测试。