我一直在尝试在Ubuntu 16.04上安装OpenCV，看了几个教程，结果总是出错。这是我在本教程中得到的最后一个：
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/Ubuntu-16.04-or-15.10-OpenCV-3.1-Installation-Guide
我能做什么？
[ 48%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_test_viz
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFReadDirectory@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFIsTiled@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFDefaultStripSize@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFReadTile@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFWriteScanline@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `_TIFFfree@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFGetField@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFScanlineSize@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFTileSize@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFClose@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFClientOpen@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFGetFieldDefaulted@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFNumberOfDirectories@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFOpen@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFReadRGBAImage@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFSetField@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFSetWarningHandler@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFSetErrorHandler@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `_TIFFmalloc@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFSetDirectory@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFReadScanline@LIBTIFF_4.0'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOImage-6.2.so.6.2: undefined reference to `TIFFNumberOfTiles@LIBTIFF_4.0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
modules/viz/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_viz.dir/build.make:236: recipe for target 'bin/opencv_test_viz' failed
make[2]: *** [bin/opencv_test_viz] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:3306: recipe for target 'modules/viz/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_viz.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [modules/viz/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_viz.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:160: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
我遵循了相同的教程来安装opencv，但我遇到了同样的问题。这对我有效：
sudo apt-get autoremove libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev
输入opencv目录。
cd build/（我想已经创建了，否则创建它）
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..
make
然后继续教程。
根据这一点，OpenCV需要libtiff4，Ubuntu已经删除了它，即替换它的包是libtiff5-dev。
作为临时解决方案，您可以在配置时在cmake上指定-DBUILD_TIFF=ON，以便构建随OpenCV分发的libtiff4版本。
这在Ubuntu 16.04和OpenCV 3.2.1中对我有效。
看起来您需要安装/重新安装libpng。
尝试make clean，然后再次执行make命令。通常，在一次失败后，如果您在没有清理早期安装的情况下尝试make命令，则会出现错误。
我也遇到过类似的问题。我正在与openCV_contrib存储库一起构建openCV 3.3.0。事实证明，将标志-D BUILD_TIFF=ON包含在cmake命令中已经解决了gevang所指出的问题。
Ps.：由于我只承认gevang提供的解决方案，所以这应该是一个评论而不是一个答案，但我缺少相应的权利。抱歉。