保存累加器的每次迭代



(是的,这是家庭作业,但已经完成,我现在只是想改进它以进行练习)

这基本上是一个销售计算器,允许您为销售项目进行多个输入,然后显示总计、销售税和总计。

我试图做的修改是,我希望能够保存变量中每个项目的成本,而不会重叠内存,然后能够在总计之上调用它们,这样你可以看到每个项目的价值。

====

====================================================================================
//importing libraries for cin and cout, as well as setw() and setprecision()
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std; //sets all code to standard syntax
int main(){ //initializes the main function
    //initializing variables
    char answer = ' ';
    int saleItems = 0;
    double saleTax = 0.0;
    double grandTotal = 0.0;
    double itemValue = 0.0;
    double titemValue = 0.0;
    double taxPerc = 0.0;
    //begins a post-test loop
    do {
        titemValue = 0.0; //makes sure the accumulator resets WITHIN the loop
        //prompts for sale items amount
        cout << "How many sales items do you have? : ";
        cin >> saleItems;
        //creates a loop that displays the prompt for each iteration of saleItems
        for (int x = 1; x <= saleItems; x += 1){
            cout << "Enter in the value of sales item " << x << " : $";
            cin >> itemValue;
            titemValue += itemValue; //accumulator for adding up the iterated values
        }
        //prompts the user to enter a sales percentage
        cout << endl << endl;
        cout << "Enter in the sales tax percentage(Enter 10 for 10%): ";
        cin >> taxPerc;
        cout << endl << endl;
        //processes the variables after taxPerc has been given
        saleTax = titemValue * (taxPerc / 100);
        grandTotal = titemValue + saleTax;
        //sets decimal precision to 2 places
        cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
        //displays receipt with the calculated and input values
        cout << "********************************************" << endl;
        cout << "********  S A L E S  R E C E I P T  ********" << endl;
        cout << "********************************************" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "**  Total Sales            $" << setw(9) << titemValue << "     **" << endl;
        cout << "**  Sales Tax              $" << setw(9) << saleTax << "     **" << endl;
        cout << "**                          ----------    **" << endl;
        cout << "**  Grand Total            $" << setw(9) << grandTotal << "     **" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
        cout << "********************************************" << endl << endl << endl;
        //prompts user to begin loop again
        cout << "Do you want to run this program again? (Y/N):";
        cin >> answer;
        answer = toupper(answer);
        cout << endl << endl;
        } while (answer == 'Y');

====

====================================================================================

因此,从本质上讲,我需要能够将每个itemValue保存为多个不同的值,而无需循环重复,而只是替换它们,考虑到累加器将继续循环,并添加itemValue值,我真的看不出我该怎么做。

下面是使用简单数组存储项目值的一种方法。

在顶部声明一个数组。注意:您必须为其指定固定大小。有一些方法可以具有可变大小,但它们变得更加复杂(例如向量)。最好使用常量而不是硬编码数字来指定大小,因为稍后将需要该常量。

const int maxSaleItems = 100;
double itemValues[maxSaleItems];

在向用户询问项目数后,Max 确保他们没有输入太大的数字。

    cout << "How many sales items do you have? : ";
    cin >> saleItems;
    if (saleItems > maxSaleItems) {
        cout << "Sorry, I can only handle " << maxSaleItems << " items.";
        continue;
    }
在输入项目值

的循环中,将项目值保存到数组中:

        cout << "Enter in the value of sales item " << x << " : $";
        cin >> itemValue;
        titemValue += itemValue; //accumulator for adding up the iterated values
        itemValues[x - 1] = itemValue;

请注意数组访问中的x-1 - 数组基于 0(即它们的索引从 0 开始)。通常我会从0循环x< saleItems,但我不想改变你现有的循环。

打印收据时,添加一个打印出所有值的循环(您需要添加格式):

    cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
    for (int x = 1; x <= saleItems; x += 1){
       cout << "** Item " << x << " $" << itemValues[x-1] << "   **" <<endl;
    }
    cout << "**                                        **" << endl;

正如我在评论中所说,使用 std::vector 会更好,但如果你还没有达到这个水平,数组就可以了。

编辑:简单的vector示例。要添加向量,您需要包含适当的标头:

#include <vector>

不再需要maxSaleItems,因为载体可以增长。声明向量变量。<double>使其成为包含double值的向量:

std::vector<double> itemValues;

在循环中,无需按位置设置新项的数组值,只需使用 push_back 将其添加到矢量的末尾即可。

    cout << "Enter in the value of sales item " << x << " : $";
    cin >> itemValue;
    titemValue += itemValue; //accumulator for adding up the iterated values
    itemValues.push_back(itemValue);

打印收据代码可以完全保留在数组版本中,因为您可以访问数组等向量:

cout << "**                                        **" << endl;
for (int x = 1; x <= saleItems; x += 1){
   cout << "** Item " << x << " $" << itemValues[x-1] << "   **" <<endl;
}
cout << "**                                        **" << endl;

您还可以进行其他更改以使vector版本更简单,但我想尽可能少地更改。

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