左递归ANTLR语法

Question

我写了一个语法，但得到了一个左递归错误。

grammar Lang;
options
{
    output  = AST;
    language    = C;
    ASTLabelType= pANTLR3_BASE_TREE;
    backtrack   = true;
}
start   : primary_expression+
    ;
primary_expression
                : '{' expression '}'
                | expression ',' expression
                ;
expression
                : logical_or_expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' ':' expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' expression
                ;
logical_or_expression
                : logical_and_expression
                | logical_and_expression '|' logical_or_expression
                ;
logical_and_expression
                : primary_expression
                | primary_expression '&' logical_and_expression
                ;

我得到以下错误：

[12:41:35]错误（210）：以下规则集是相互左递归的[primary_expression，logical_and_express，logical_or_expression，expression]
[12:41:35]中止，因为以下规则是相互递归的：[[Lang.prrimary_expression，index=2，line=19]，[Lang.local_and_express，index=5，line=36]，[Lang.logical_or_expression，index=4，line/31]，[Lang.expression，index=3，line=24]]

---

更正语法

grammar Lang;
options 
{
    // Note that in the C implementation, all implementations of trees and
    // adaptors pass around pANTLR3_BASE_TREE, which contains a super pointer
    // to your own implementation of a tree node and tree and so on. Hence
    // the node type is ALWAYS pANTLR3_BASE_TREE and there is no need to define
    // the type (the definition is silently ignored if you leave it there)
    //
    //output    = AST;
    language    = C;
    //ASTLabelType= pANTLR3_BASE_TREE;
    backtrack   = true;
}
start   : primary_expression+
    ;
primary_expression
                : '{' expression '}'
                | expression ',' expression
                ;
expression
                : logical_or_expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' ':' expression
                | logical_or_expression '?' expression
                ;
logical_or_expression
                : logical_and_expression
                | logical_and_expression '|' logical_or_expression
                ;
logical_and_expression
                : STRING
                | STRING '&' logical_and_expression
                ;
/* We're going to ignore all white space characters */
WS  
    :   (' ' | 't' | 'r'| 'n') {$channel=HIDDEN;}
    ;
STRING
    :   ('a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z' | '0'..'9' | '_')+
    ;

Answer 1

Antlr 4可以处理直接左递归，但不能处理间接左递归。在第一种情况下，"primary_expression"one_answers"logical_and_expression：primary_express…"形成了间接左递归。但是现在antlr4无法生成"c"代码。

grammar test3;
options
{
    language    = Java;
}
start   : 
    expression+
    ;
expression : 
    primary_expression
    | expression '&' expression
    | expression '|' expression
    | expression '?' expression ':' expression
    | expression '?' expression 
    | expression '?' ':' expression 
    | expression ',' expression
    | '{' expression '}'
    ;
primary_expression : // variable or constant definition, such as
    VARIABLE 
    | NUMBER
    ;
VARIABLE :
    ('A'..'Z')+
    ;
NUMBER :
    ('0'..'9') +
    ;