使用查询缓存时,休眠执行 N+1 选择而不是 1 个查询



我遇到了一个问题,我感到非常迷茫,不知道该怎么办。我使用查询缓存+二级缓存,我想正确缓存结果10秒。所以这是我的

ehcache.xml

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
<cache name = "TestEntity"
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="11"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>
<cache name="org.hibernate.cache.internal.StandardQueryCache"
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="10"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
maxElementsOnDisk="100"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
<persistence strategy="localTempSwap"/>
</defaultCache>
</ehcache>

首先,我使用insert()方法填充我的数据库。 然后,我调用我的select()方法来第一次获取数据。一切正常 - 查询和实体被缓存,如果我在 2 秒后调用select()方法,我将在不向数据库发出任何请求的情况下获取数据。 然后我等待 12 秒(为了让缓存完全过期),调用select() 并在再次调用select()后等待 2 秒。这就是我得到 n+1 选择的地方:

2019-02-13 18:52:17,101 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择"testentity0_.id"作为id1_0_0_,选择"testentity0_.value"作为value2_0_0_ 从测试testentity0_ 其中 testentity0_.id=?2019-02-13 18:52:17,107 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择"testentity0_.id"作为id1_0_0_,选择"testentity0_.value"作为value2_0_0_ 从测试testentity0_ 其中 testentity0_.id=?2019-02-13 18:52:17,108 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择"testentity0_.id"作为id1_0_0_,选择"testentity0_.value"作为value2_0_0_ 从测试testentity0_ 其中 testentity0_.id=?2019-02-13 18:52:17,108 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择"testentity0_.id"作为id1_0_0_,选择"testentity0_.value"作为value2_0_0_ 从测试testentity0_ 其中 testentity0_.id=?2019-02-13 18:52:17,109 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择"testentity0_.id"作为id1_0_0_,选择"testentity0_.value"作为value2_0_0_ 从测试testentity0_ 其中 testentity0_.id=?

我知道发出这些请求是因为查询缓存仅缓存 id,并且似乎二级缓存中缺少这些 id 的实体。但是为什么他们不见了?当我启用完整日志记录时,我看到在第三次调用select()后有日志条目,例如

将实体添加到二级缓存:[测试实体#1]

因此,如果将实体添加到二级缓存中,并且它们应该仅在 11 秒后过期,为什么它们在 2 秒后丢失?

我的pom的一部分.xml

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.194</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

持久性.xml

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<persistence-unit name="main">
<class>TestEntity</class>
<exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
<property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="true"/>
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="true"/>
<property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory"/>
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="true"/>
<property name="net.sf.ehcache.configurationResourceName" value="ehcache.xml"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

测试实体.java

import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* User: Kirill Smirnov (k.smirnov@sirena2000.ru)
* Date: 18.12.18
* Time: 19:20
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "test")
@Cacheable
@org.hibernate.annotations.Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_ONLY)
public class TestEntity {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator = "test_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name = "test_seq", sequenceName="TEST_SEQ")
@Column(name = "id")
private int id;
@Column(name = "value", nullable = false)
private String value;
public TestEntity() {
}
public TestEntity(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}

主要.java

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* User: Kirill Smirnov (k.smirnov@sirena2000.ru)
* Date: 14.11.14
* Time: 15:55
*/
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Properties entityManagerFactoryProperties = new Properties();
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.driver", "org.h2.Driver");
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:");
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.user", "sa");
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.password", "");
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.min_size", "" + 1);
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.max_size", "" + 1);
entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.timeout", "" + 5000);
EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("main", entityManagerFactoryProperties);
insert(entityManagerFactory);
select(entityManagerFactory);
Thread.sleep(2000);
select(entityManagerFactory);
Thread.sleep(12000);
select(entityManagerFactory);
Thread.sleep(2000);
select(entityManagerFactory);
entityManagerFactory.close();
}
private static void insert(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
try {
entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("1"));
entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("2"));
entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("3"));
entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("4"));
entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("5"));
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
entityManager.getTransaction().rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
entityManager.close();
}
}
private static void select(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
try {
String queryText = "FROM TestEntity";
TypedQuery<TestEntity> query = entityManager.createQuery(queryText, TestEntity.class).setHint("org.hibernate.cacheable", true);
query.getResultList();
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
entityManager.getTransaction().rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
entityManager.close();
}
}
}

附言我想问题的原因是休眠中的错误。如果我从 5.2 升级到 5.4,问题就会消失。但是,我接受弗拉德的回答,因为它包含一般有用的信息。

这是臭名昭著的N+1 Query Cache issue

必须确保实体缓存区域的 TTL(生存时间)高于查询缓存或集合缓存的 TTL。

否则,Hibernate将在查询缓存或集合缓存中找到实体标识符,并假定实体已存储在实体缓存区域中。但是,如果在实体缓存中找不到实体,则只能从数据库中获取它们,从而触发 N+1 查询问题。

现在,回到您的设置。下面是为实体缓存区域设置的内容:

<cache name = "TestEntity"
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="10"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>

请注意,timeToLiveSeconds设置为仅10秒。

查询缓存设置如下:

<cache name="org.hibernate.cache.internal.StandardQueryCache"
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="10"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>

因此,timeToLiveSeconds也设置为10秒,并确保实体查询缓存不会设置为早于查询缓存和关联的集合缓存过期。

接下来,将TestEntitytimeToLiveSeconds提高到60120秒。或者使其eternal = true并禁用TTL,因为实体正在使用CacheConcurrencyStartegy.READ_ONLY

<cache name = "TestEntity"
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="60"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>