使用XML::LibXML查找和替换文本

Question

我想找到由波浪(~)包围的文本，并用一些字符串前缀文本，例如在XML文件中用~T1it~替换~it~，然后将结果保存到另一个文件。我知道如何使用XPath获取文本以及如何替换它，但是我不知道如何将替换的文本放在相应的位置并输出它。

这是我的输入XML:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<chapter>
<section>
<para id="p001">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p002">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p003">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
</section>
<abstract>
<para id="p004">This is <math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p005">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p006">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
</abstract>
</chapter>

下面是我的Perl脚本:

use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::LibXML;
#use XML::LibXML::Text;
use Cwd 'abs_path';
my $x_name=abs_path($ARGV[0]);
my $doc = XML::LibXML->load_xml(location => $x_name, no_blanks => 1);
my $xpath_expression='/chapter/section/para/math';
my @nodes = $doc->findnodes( $xpath_expression );
foreach my $node(@nodes){
  my $content = $node->textContent;
  $content=~s#~rom~#~T1rom~#sg;
  print $content,"n";
}

下面是我想要的输出:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<chapter>
<section>
<para id="p001">this is<math>~T1rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p002">this is<math>~T1rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p003">this is<math>~T1rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
</section>
<abstract>
<para id="p004">This is <math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p005">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
<para id="p006">this is<math>~rom~This is roman~normal~</math>para</para>
</abstract>
</chapter>

Answer 1

一种可能性:使用XML::LibXML::Text的setData方法:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use XML::LibXML;    
my $x_name = $ARGV[0];
my $doc = XML::LibXML->load_xml(location => $x_name, no_blanks => 1);
my $xpath_expression = '/chapter/section/para/math/text()';
my @nodes = $doc->findnodes( $xpath_expression );
for my $node (@nodes) {
    my $content = $node->toString;
    $content =~ s#~rom~#~T1rom~#sg;
    $node->setData($content);
}
$doc->toFile($x_name . '.new', 1);