以下文件编译失败:
{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
module AltMonad.Monoid where
import AltMonad.Category
import Prelude (curry)
class Category c
=> Monoid i p c m where
mid :: i `c` m
mcomb :: (m `p` m) `c` m
class Monoid () (,) (->) m
=> HaskellMonoid m where
empty :: m
append :: m -> m -> m
instance Monoid () (,) (->) m
=> HaskellMonoid m where
empty = mid ()
append = curry mcomb
它给出了错误:
[3 of 3] Compiling AltMonad.Monoid ( AltMonadMonoid.hs, interpreted )
AltMonadMonoid.hs:24:12:
Could not deduce (Monoid () p0 (->) m)
arising from a use of `mid'
from the context (Monoid () (,) (->) m)
bound by the instance declaration
at AltMonadMonoid.hs:(22,10)-(23,24)
The type variable `p0' is ambiguous
Relevant bindings include
empty :: m (bound at AltMonadMonoid.hs:24:3)
In the expression: mid ()
In an equation for `empty': empty = mid ()
In the instance declaration for `HaskellMonoid m'
AltMonadMonoid.hs:25:18:
Could not deduce (Monoid i0 (,) (->) m)
arising from a use of `mcomb'
from the context (Monoid () (,) (->) m)
bound by the instance declaration
at AltMonadMonoid.hs:(22,10)-(23,24)
The type variable `i0' is ambiguous
Relevant bindings include
append :: m -> m -> m (bound at AltMonadMonoid.hs:25:3)
In the first argument of `curry', namely `mcomb'
In the expression: curry mcomb
In an equation for `append': append = curry mcomb
Failed, modules loaded: AltMonad.Category, AltMonad.Hask.
在我看来,我给出了正确的背景,但我不知道如何说服 GHC 这一点。
相关文件:
AltMonad.Category
{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances #-}
module AltMonad.Category where
import AltMonad.Hask
class Category cat where
id :: cat a a
(.) :: b `cat` c -> a `cat` b -> a `cat` c
instance Category Hask where
id = x -> x
g . f = x -> g (f x)
AltMonad.Hask
{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
module AltMonad.Hask where
type Hask = (->)
发生
此错误是因为当您调用 mid ()
时,它具有类型 Monoid () p0 (->) m => i -> m
,并且没有任何限制p0
成为您选择的特定p
,因为p0
不会出现在类型签名中=>
符号的右侧。 解决此问题的一种方法是通过FunctionalDependencies
扩展:
-- ...
class Category c => Monoid i p c m | m -> p where
mid :: c i m
mcomb :: c (p m m) m
-- ...
instance Monoid () (,) (->) m => HaskellMonoid m where
empty = mid ()
append = curry mcomb
然而,这对append
不起作用,因为变量i
现在必须受到约束。 这只是意味着我们还需要让它取决于我们对m
的选择:
class Category c => Monoid i p c m | m -> i, m -> p where
-- ...
现在它将编译。 这是否是你想做的,我不知道,但我知道它会让你的代码编译。