在Python中进行用户输入验证的最"正确"的Python方法是什么?
我一直在使用以下内容:
while True:
stuff = input("Please enter foo: ")
try:
some_test(stuff)
print("Thanks.")
break
except SomeException:
print("Invalid input.")
我想这很好,可读性很强,但我忍不住想知道是否有一些内置功能或我应该使用的东西。
我喜欢decorator将检查与其他输入处理分开。
#!/usr/bin/env python
def repeatOnError(*exceptions):
def checking(function):
def checked(*args, **kwargs):
while True:
try:
result = function(*args, **kwargs)
except exceptions as problem:
print "There was a problem with the input:"
print problem.__class__.__name__
print problem
print "Please repeat!"
else:
return result
return checked
return checking
@repeatOnError(ValueError)
def getNumberOfIterations():
return int(raw_input("Please enter the number of iterations: "))
iterationCounter = getNumberOfIterations()
print "You have chosen", iterationCounter, "iterations."
编辑:
装饰器或多或少是现有函数(或方法)的包装器。它接受现有函数(在其@decorator
指令下面表示),并为其返回一个"替换"。在我们的例子中,这个替换在循环中调用原始函数,并捕获在执行过程中发生的任何异常。如果没有发生异常,它只返回原始函数的结果。
对"用户输入"进行这种验证的最简单的Python方法是捕获适当的异常。
示例:
def get_user_input():
while True:
try:
return int(input("Please enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please try again!")
n = get_user_input()
print("Thanks! You entered: {0:d}".format(n))
允许异常发生在它们所在的地方,并允许它们冒泡而不是隐藏它们,这样您就可以清楚地看到Python Traceback中出现了什么问题,这也是一种很好的做法。
在这种情况下,验证用户输入--使用Python的Duck Typeing并捕获错误。如果它的行为像一个管道,那它一定是一只鸭子。(如果它的行为类似于int,则它必须是int)。
有点复杂,但可能很有趣:
import re
from sys import exc_info,excepthook
from traceback import format_exc
def condition1(stuff):
'''
stuff must be the string of an integer'''
try:
i = int(stuff)
return True
except:
return False
def condition2(stuff):
'''
stuff is the string of an integer
but the integer must be in the range(10,30)'''
return int(stuff) in xrange(10,30)
regx = re.compile('assert *( *([_a-zd]+)')
while True:
try:
stuff = raw_input("Please enter foo: ")
assert(condition1(stuff))
assert ( condition2(stuff))
print("Thanks.")
break
except AssertionError:
tbs = format_exc(exc_info()[0])
funky = globals()[regx.search(tbs).group(1)]
excepthook(exc_info()[0], funky.func_doc, None)
结果
Please enter foo: g
AssertionError:
stuff must be the string of an integer
Please enter foo: 170
AssertionError:
stuff is the string of an integer
but the integer must be in the range(10,30)
Please enter foo: 15
Thanks.
编辑
我找到了一种简化的方法:
from sys import excepthook
def condition1(stuff):
'''
stuff must be the string of an integer'''
try:
int(stuff)
return True
except:
return False
def another2(stuff):
'''
stuff is the string of an integer
but the integer must be in the range(10,30)'''
return int(stuff) in xrange(10,30)
tup = (condition1,another2)
while True:
try:
stuff = raw_input("Please enter foo: ")
for condition in tup:
assert(condition(stuff))
print("Thanks.")
break
except AssertionError:
excepthook('AssertionError', condition.func_doc, None)