C++不认识我在对象.cpp的变化

Question

我使用Visual Studio 2019社区版。我正在尝试制作一个基本的 OpenGL 提取透视 3d 对象。无论什么。问题是当我更改任何内容并运行时，程序不会显示该更改，除非我"重建解决方案"。example。

对象.cpp

std::cout<< "PosX"<<std::endl;

自

std::cout<< "PosX1"<<std::endl;

当我再次运行时，我得到旧的输出"PosX"，而不是新的输出。

我的项目中有这些文件

main.cpp
header.h
Object.cpp
Puller.cpp
Cube.cpp
Cyclinder.cpp

我将所有其他类文件包含在带有 safeguard(#ifndef #define class example #endif的 header.h 中 如果你愿意，我可以提供代码。谢谢你的时间。

我没有其他类头文件。仅.cpp文件

对象.cpp

#include "Header.h"
#ifndef OBJECT_CPP
#define OBJECT_CPP
class Object
{
public:
GLfloat matrixMV[16];
vec3 Cordinates;
vec3 Scale;
vec4r Rotate;
Object()
{
};
Object(vec3 _Cordinates, vec3 _Scale = vec3(1, 1, 1), vec4r _Rotate = vec4r(0, 0, 0, 0)) : Cordinates(_Cordinates),
                         Scale(_Scale),
                         Rotate(_Rotate)
{
};
virtual void move(vec2 direction)
{
Cordinates.x += direction.x;
Cordinates.y += direction.y;
};
};
#endif

标题.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include "GL/glut.h"
struct vec3
{
GLfloat x;
GLfloat y;
GLfloat z;
vec3(GLfloat _x = 0, GLfloat _y = 0, GLfloat _z = 0)
{
x = _x;
y = _y;
z = _z;
}
};
struct vec2
{
GLfloat x;
GLfloat y;
vec2(GLfloat _x = 0, GLfloat _y = 0)
{
x = _x;
y = _y;
}
};
struct vec4r
{
GLfloat x;
GLfloat y;
GLfloat z;
GLfloat radiant;
vec4r(GLfloat _x = 0, GLfloat _y = 0, GLfloat _z = 0, GLfloat _radiant = 0) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), radiant(_radiant)
{
};
};
const double PI = 3.1415927;
#include "Object.cpp"
#include "Puller.cpp"
#include "Cube.cpp"
#include "Cyclinder.cpp"
#include "TrianglePrism.cpp"

主.cpp

#include "Header.h"
#include <cstdint>

char wTitle[] = "3D PinPon";
GLfloat aspect = 0;
GLsizei _height;
GLsizei _width;
unsigned int id;
/* PREDEFINATION */
void display();
GLdouble _angle = 0.0;
vec3 rotate = vec3();

Cube block;
Cyclinder RightCylinder;
Cyclinder LeftCylinder;
Cube littlecube;
TrianglePrism my_prism;
Puller my_puller;

void initGL()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // Set background color to black and opaque
glClearDepth(1.0); // Set background depth to farthest
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable depth testing for z-culling
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // Set the type of depth-test
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Nice perspective corrections
}
void reshape(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
{
// GLsizei for non-negative integer
_height = height;
_width = width; // Compute aspect ratio of the new window
if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by 0
aspect = (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height;
// Set the viewport to cover the new window
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
// Set the aspect ratio of the clipping volume to match the viewport
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // To operate on the Projection matrix
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset
// Enable perspective projection with fovy, aspect, zNear and zFar
gluPerspective(45.0, aspect, 0.1, 100.0);
//glOrtho(0.0f, width, height, 0.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
}
void processNormalKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
if (key == 27)
exit(0);
}
void processSpecialKeys(int key, int xx, int yy)
{
float fraction = 0.1;
float speed = 0.05f;
switch (key)
{
case GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
rotate = vec3(rotate.x > 0 ? rotate.x - 0.1f : 0, rotate.y < 1 ? rotate.y + 0.1f : 1,
rotate.z > 0 ? rotate.z - 0.1f : 0);
_angle -= 10;
block.move(vec2(-1 * speed, 0));
break;
case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
rotate = vec3(rotate.x > 0 ? rotate.x - 0.1f : 0, rotate.y < 1 ? rotate.y + 0.1f : 1,
rotate.z > 0 ? rotate.z - 0.1f : 0);
_angle += 10;
block.move(vec2(1 * speed, 0));
break;
case GLUT_KEY_UP:
rotate = vec3(rotate.x < 1 ? rotate.x + 0.1f : 1, rotate.y > 0 ? rotate.y - 0.1f : 0, 0);
_angle -= 10;
break;
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
rotate = vec3(rotate.x < 1 ? rotate.x + 0.1f : 1, rotate.y > 0 ? rotate.y - 0.1f : 0, 0);
_angle += 10;
break;
}
}
void demo_menu(int id)
{
switch (id)
{
case 1:
exit(0);
break;
case 2:
glutIdleFunc(display);
break;
case 3:
glutIdleFunc(nullptr);
break;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void display()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear color and depth buffers
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // To operate on model-view matrix

littlecube.render();
RightCylinder.render();
LeftCylinder.render();
my_prism.render();
my_puller.render();
block.render();
//std::cout << LeftCylinder.matrixMV[12] << std::endl;

glutSwapBuffers(); // Swap the front and back frame buffers (double buffering)
}
void InitObjects()
{
my_puller = Puller(vec3(-1.95, -2.9, -7.0),vec3(1,1,1),vec4r());
block = Cube(0.2, vec3(-0.03, -2.35, 0), vec3(3, 1, 1),my_puller);
littlecube = Cube(0.3, vec3(0, 1, 0));
RightCylinder = Cyclinder(0.2, 0.5f, 255, 160, 100, vec3(0.8, 0, -6), false);
LeftCylinder = Cyclinder(0.3, 0.3f, 255, 160, 100, vec3(-0.8, 0, -6), true);
my_prism = TrianglePrism(vec3(0, 0, -7), vec3(0.3, 0.3, 0.3), vec4r(0.2, 0, 0, 20));
}
void secondDisplay()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear color and depth buffers
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // To operate on model-view matrix
glutSwapBuffers(); // Swap the front and back frame buffers (double buffering)
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
InitObjects();
glutInit(&argc, argv); // Initialize GLUT
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE); // Enable double buffered mode
glutInitWindowSize(480, 720); // Set the window's initial width & height
glutInitWindowPosition(50, 50); // Position the window's initial top-left corner
//id = glutCreateWindow("second window");
//glutSetWindow(id);
//glutCreateMenu(demo_menu);
//glutAddMenuEntry("quit", 1);
//glutAddMenuEntry("start rotation", 2);
//glutAddMenuEntry("stop rotation", 3);
//glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);
//glutDisplayFunc(secondDisplay);
//glutIdleFunc(secondDisplay);

glutCreateWindow(wTitle); // Create window with the given title
glutDisplayFunc(display); // Register callback handler for window re-paint event
glutReshapeFunc(reshape); // Register callback handler for window re-size event
glutIdleFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(processNormalKeys);
glutSpecialFunc(processSpecialKeys);
initGL(); // Our own OpenGL initialization
glutMainLoop(); // Enter the infinite event-processing loop
return 0;
}

Answer 1

问题是当我更改任何内容并运行时，程序不会显示该更改，除非我"重建解决方案">

当我第一次写这个答案时，这篇文章早期版本的代码表明，在重建对象文件之前，链接器不能使用你所做的更改 - 但由于包含的文件从未正确链接，你永远不会看到更改。

您的问题在于基本的项目组织。

对于初学者，请查看头文件的底部以及您如何组织包含。从头文件中删除此部分：

#include "Object.cpp"
#include "Puller.cpp"
#include "Cube.cpp"
#include "Cyclinder.cpp"
#include "TrianglePrism.cpp"

虽然包含来自其他*.cpp文件的*.cpp文件是合法C++，但它并没有真正遵守一个定义规则。

源文件(*.cpp)应该包含头文件，而不是相反。

头文件应包含类声明等内容，源文件包含其各自的实现。

如果你想有一个头文件，那很好。它应该有这样的东西：

标题.h

#ifndef MYPROJECT_HEADER_H
#define MYPROJECT_HEADER_H
// all your header specifications
#endif

然后，您的所有*.cpp文件都包含header.h.

我不明白你以这种方式组织你的项目想做什么。如果你打算采用传统的、面向对象的开发方法，你可以在头文件中创建类声明，然后将这些头文件包含在要操作该类的某个实例的任何*.cpp文件中。

您的main.cpp文件应该是将所有内容粘合在一起的粘合剂。其他*.cpp文件应该是在其他*.h文件中定义的类的实现。