非递归 Kosaraju 的两次传递算法实现需要很长时间才能在大型数据集上执行


  • 我为一项已经过了最后期限的作业编写了这个代码。

  • 这个实现可以很好地处理各种较小的测试用例,并在图中显示5个最大的强连接组件的大小。

  • 但是当我在大约875714个顶点的赋值数据集上运行它时,它似乎永远执行。(60分钟后第一次DFS通行证都没有出来)

  • 我使用了DFS例程的非递归堆栈实现,因为我听说大量的顶点会导致递归堆栈溢出问题。

  • 如果有人能指出,这段代码中的内容使它在大型数据集中表现出这种行为,那将非常有帮助。

  • 输入文件由图形中的边列表组成。一条边/一条线。

(例如):

12

2 3

3 1

3 4

5 4

大型图形测试用例zip文件的下载链接

链接到我的程序文件

代码如下:

//宏观定义和全局变量

#define N 875714
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define tr(c,i) for(typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); i++)
vi v(N), ft, size;

//非递归DFS算法

void DFS(vvi g, int s, int flag)
{
stack<int> stk;
stk.push(s);
v[s] = 1;
int jumpOut, count;
vi::iterator i;
if(flag == 2)
     count = 1;
while(!stk.empty())
{
i = g[stk.top()].begin();
jumpOut = 0;
for(; i != g[stk.top()].end(); i++)
{
    if(v[*i] != 1)
    {
        stk.push(*i);
        v[*i] = 1;
        if(flag == 2) //Count the SCC size
            count++;
        jumpOut = 1; //Jump to the while loop's beginning
        break;
    }
 }
 if(flag == 1 && jumpOut == 0) //Record the finishing time order of vertices
    ft.push_back(stk.top());
 if(jumpOut == 0)
      stk.pop();
}
if(flag == 2)
    size.push_back(count); //Store the SCC size
}

//2遍Kosaraju算法

void kosaraju(vvi g, vvi gr)
{
cout<<"nInside pass 1n";
for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    if(v[i] != 1)
        DFS(gr, i, 1);
cout<<"nPass 1 completedn";
fill(all(v), 0);
cout<<"nInside pass 2n";
for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    if(v[ ft[i] ] != 1)
        DFS(g, ft[i], 2);
cout<<"nPass 2 completedn";
}

int main()
{
vvi g(N), gr(N);
ifstream file("/home/tauseef/Desktop/DAA/SCC.txt");
int first, second;
string line;
while(getline(file,line,'n')) //Reading from file
{
    stringstream ss(line);
    ss >> first;
    ss >> second;
    if(first == second) //Eliminating self loops
        continue;
    g[first-1].push_back(second-1); //Creating G & Grev
    gr[second-1].push_back(first-1);
}
cout<<"nfile read successfullyn";
kosaraju(g, gr);
cout<<"nFinishing order is: ";
tr(ft, j)
    cout<<*j+1<<" ";
cout<<"n";
sort(size.rbegin(), size.rend()); //Sorting the SCC sizes in descending order
cout<<"nThe largest 5 SCCs are: ";
tr(size, j)
    cout<<*j<<" ";
cout<<"n";
file.close();
}

您可以应用以下几个改进:
1-对于大型输入,cin不如scanf:因为输入文件很大,所以最好使用scanf读取数据
2-按值将大数据传递给函数不是一个好主意:您的代码中有两个巨大的图,您可以按值将它们传递给函数。这需要很多时间,因为每次你都在复制数据
3-不需要使用iterator来遍历vector:因为您使用的是vector,并且您可以通过[]运算符随机访问它,所以不需要使用iterator来访问数据
4-您的DFS效率低下:这是最重要的一个。每次程序转到while的开头并检查stack顶部元素的邻接列表时,都要从头开始并检查元素。这使得算法效率非常低,因为你要一遍又一遍地检查一些东西。您可以简单地存储已检查的子元素的数量,当您返回到此元素时,您可以从下一个元素开始,而不是从头开始。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
#define N 875714
#define sz(a) int((a).size())
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define tr(c,i) for(typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); i++)
vi v(N), ft, size;
vi childsVisited(N);
void DFS(vvi &g, int s, int flag)
{
    stack<int> stk;
    stk.push(s);
    v[s] = 1;
    int jumpOut, count;
    if(flag == 2)
        count = 1;
    int counter = 0;
    while(!stk.empty())
    {
        jumpOut = 0;
        int cur = stk.top();
        for ( ;childsVisited[cur] < g[cur].size(); ++childsVisited[cur] )
        //for ( int i=0; i< g[cur].size(); ++i )
        //for(; i != g[stk.top()].end(); i++)
        {
            int i = childsVisited[cur];
            int next = g[cur][i];
            if(v[next] != 1)
            {
                stk.push(next);
                v[next] = 1;
                if(flag == 2) //Count the SCC size
                    count++;
                jumpOut = 1; //Jump to the while loop's beginning
                break;
            }
        }
        if(flag == 1 && jumpOut == 0) //Record the finishing time order of vertices
            ft.push_back(stk.top());
        if(jumpOut == 0)
            stk.pop();
    }
    if(flag == 2)
        size.push_back(count); //Store the SCC size
}
void kosaraju(vvi &g, vvi &gr)
{
    cout<<"nInside pass 1n";
    for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        if(v[i] != 1)
            DFS(gr, i, 1);
    cout<<"nPass 1 completedn";
    fill(all(v), 0);
    fill(all(childsVisited), 0);
    cout<<"nInside pass 2n";
    for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        if(v[ ft[i] ] != 1)
            DFS(g, ft[i], 2);
    cout<<"nPass 2 completedn";
}
int main()
{
    freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
    vvi g(N), gr(N);
    //ifstream file("/home/tauseef/Desktop/DAA/SCC.txt");
    int first, second;
    //string line;
    unsigned long int cnt = 0;
    //while(getline(file,line,'n')) //Reading from file
    //{
        //stringstream ss(line);
        //ss >> first;
        //ss >> second;
        //if(first == second) //Eliminating self loops
            //continue;
    for ( int i = 0; i < 5105043; ++i ){
        int first, second;
        scanf("%d %d",&first,&second);
        g[first-1].push_back(second-1); //Creating G & Grev
        gr[second-1].push_back(first-1);
    }
        //cnt++;
    //}
    cout<<"nfile read successfullyn";

    kosaraju(g, gr);
    cout<<"nFinishing order is: ";
    sort(size.rbegin(), size.rend()); //Sorting the SCC sizes in descending order
    cout<<"nThe largest 5 SCCs are: ";
}

最新更新