SBCL 错误：在 Linux 机器上运行 Maxima 时"binding stack exhausted"

Question

我知道有很多地方我可以问这个问题，但我想我应该在这里试试。我似乎已经从Maxima的好人那里得到了尽可能多的帮助。

我用SBCL运行Maxima，并且总是出错；

INFO: Binding stack guard page unprotected
Binding stack guard page temporarily disabled: proceed with caution
Maxima encountered a Lisp error:
Binding stack exhausted.
PROCEED WITH CAUTION.
Automatically continuing.
To enable the Lisp debugger set *debugger-hook* to nil.
INFO: Binding stack guard page reprotected

我修改了对Maxima(其可执行文件)的调用，为动态空间大小和控件堆栈大小//sbcl-help，以获取要添加到MAXIMA可执行文件中$MAXIMA_LISP_OPTIONS的任何参数想法。

此外，我通常在运行之前做这些(尽管我认为它们是不必要的，因为操作系统是智能的，也许最后一个需要处理)；

sudo fstrim -v /
echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
echo 262144 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

在做Maxima工作时进行了几次计算后，我加入了几个

:lisp (sb-ext:gc :full t)

希望避免这个错误。我不太了解利普，当然也不了解垃圾收集的所有内容。

我的计算有些密集和递归，尽管我在Maxima的工作中使用了记忆。我的电脑被inxi-b描述为，

System:    Host: XXX-MacBookPro Kernel: 4.10.0-33-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.4.6
Distro: Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya
Machine:   System: Apple (portable) product: MacBookPro11 3 v: 1.0
Mobo: Apple model: Mac-2BD1B313 v: MacBookPro11 3
Bios: Apple v: MBP112.88Z.0138.B25.1702171721 date: 02/17/2017
CPU:       Quad core Intel Core i7-4980HQ (-HT-MCP-) speed/max: 1402/4000 MHz
Graphics:  Card: NVIDIA GK107M [GeForce GT 750M Mac Edition]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: nvidia (unloaded: fbdev,vesa,nouveau)
Resolution: 2880x1800@59.99hz
GLX Renderer: GeForce GT 750M/PCIe/SSE2 GLX Version: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 375.66
Network:   Card-1: Broadcom BCM4360 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter driver: wl
Card-2: Broadcom NetXtreme BCM57762 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe driver: tg3
Drives:    HDD Total Size: 1000.6GB (17.5% used)
Info:      Processes: 291 Uptime: 43 min Memory: 3366.6/15953.7MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35 

我的Maxima和SBCL是从GIT构建的，非常新，大约2周，从头开始，已经通过了所有的制造测试。此外，我的交换看起来像；

XXX@XXX-MacBookPro ~/ResearchWC $ cat /proc/swaps 
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/70GiB.swap                             file        73400316    0   -2
/dev/sda7                               partition   25564776    0   -1

我经常基本上是内存不足，大约20-30G左右就换了。

通常情况下，它似乎最终会挂起(比如说100个小时后，我注意到htop停止显示某些活动，风扇也不会上下移动)，我认为耗尽错误有时会隐藏在嵌入的递归调用中。我收到上面的错误消息是因为我避免在递归级别调用函数，而是在终端"手动"构建它们。例如，我不只是调用类似fib(10)的东西，而是依次调用fib(1)、fib(2)和fib(3)，其中之前的每个值都被存储。

我有时间，但似乎不知道如何最大限度地提高我的交换-观看htop我从未见过它使用超过25%。

1.)有人知道我还能用SBCL做些什么来避免这些错误吗？

2.)在这些情况下，例如ecl、cml等，另一个lisp会更好地运行吗。？

提前感谢您的任何建议，如果需要，我可以提供更多细节。

更新

在增加了动态空间大小、堆栈大小和绑定堆栈大小之后，我遇到了堆限制，而不是绑定堆栈，这次它崩溃了。附加的是回溯的输出(不确定pc和fp这两个寄存器是什么…-程序计数器和帧指针？)。我也用微量(残留物，泰勒)做了这个，但从来没有看到任何可疑的东西。。。

ldb> backtrace
Backtrace:
0: SB-BIGNUM::MULTIPLY-BIGNUM-AND-FIXNUM, pc = 0x21cb1336, fp = 0x7ffff3943f18
1: SB-KERNEL::TWO-ARG-*, pc = 0x21cb00a7, fp = 0x7ffff3943f98
2: MAXIMA::CTIMES, pc = 0x21e076b4, fp = 0x7ffff3943fc0
3: MAXIMA::PCTIMES, pc = 0x21de5f4c, fp = 0x7ffff3943ff0
4: MAXIMA::PCTIMES1, pc = 0x21e78f1e, fp = 0x7ffff3944048
5: MAXIMA::PCTIMES, pc = 0x21de6033, fp = 0x7ffff3944078
6: MAXIMA::PCETIMES1, pc = 0x21fe0560, fp = 0x7ffff39440d8
7: MAXIMA::PTIMES1, pc = 0x21f457e5, fp = 0x7ffff3944148
8: MAXIMA::PTIMES, pc = 0x21db6561, fp = 0x7ffff3944180
9: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39441b8
10: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39441f0
11: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944228
12: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944260
13: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944298
14: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39442d0
15: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944308
16: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944340
17: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944378
18: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39443b0
19: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39443e8
20: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944420
21: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944458
22: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944490
23: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39444c8
24: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944500
25: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944538
26: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944570
27: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39445a8
28: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39445e0
29: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944618
30: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944650
31: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944688
32: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39446c0
33: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39446f8
34: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944730
35: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944768
36: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39447a0
37: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39447d8
38: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944810
39: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944848
40: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944880
41: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39448b8
42: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39448f0
43: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944928
44: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944960
45: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944998
46: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39449d0
47: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944a08
48: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944a40
49: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944a78
50: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944ab0
51: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944ae8
52: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944b20
53: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944b58
54: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944b90
55: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944bc8
56: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944c00
57: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944c38
58: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944c70
59: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944ca8
60: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944ce0
61: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944d18
62: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944d50
63: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944d88
64: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944dc0
65: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944df8
66: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944e30
67: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944e68
68: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944ea0
69: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944ed8
70: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944f10
71: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944f48
72: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944f80
73: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3944fb8
74: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3944ff0
75: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945028
76: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945060
77: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945098
78: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39450d0
79: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945108
80: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945140
81: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945178
82: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39451b0
83: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39451e8
84: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945220
85: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945258
86: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945290
87: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39452c8
88: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945300
89: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945338
90: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945370
91: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39453a8
92: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39453e0
93: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945418
94: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945450
95: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff3945488
96: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff39454c0
97: MAXIMA::PSIMP, pc = 0x21dd0617, fp = 0x7ffff39454f8
98: MAXIMA::PALGSIMP, pc = 0x22166db7, fp = 0x7ffff3945530

Answer 1

绑定堆栈溢出的最常见原因是递归函数无限期地调用自己(即递归中的错误)。第二个最常见的原因是递归函数编程正确，但调用自己的次数太多，Lisp实现无法处理它

我忘了SBCL的堆栈限制是多少——可能是8192，但这只是猜测。您可能可以通过实验(如果不是通过阅读SBCL文档)来确定它。

在任何一种情况下，您都可以尝试通过找出哪些功能或哪些功能造成了故障

trace (mymaximafun1, mymaximafun2, ...);

对于Maxima函数和/或

:lisp (trace mylispfun1 mylispfun2 ...)

用于Lisp函数。

关于第二个问题，您可以尝试通过将递归函数重新设计为迭代来避免深度递归。

您提到您有长时间运行的计算。减少崩溃影响的策略是不时调用save函数来保存程序状态，例如：

save ("mycheckpointfile.lisp", all);

请注意，save有很多选项，因此可以通过? save查看文档。

您可以通过一些配方自动生成文件名，例如file_name : printf(false, "mycheckpointfile~d.lisp", 1000 + random(9000))，它会生成一个随机的4位数并将其粘贴到文件名中。当然有很多这样的食谱。