输入/输出管道



这个问题源于我尝试实现中的指令

Linux管道作为输入和输出

如何使用管道在两个程序之间发送一个简单的字符串?

http://tldp.org/LDP/lpg/node11.html

我的问题与中的问题大致相同:Linux管道作为输入和输出,但更具体。

本质上,我试图取代:

/directory/program < input.txt > output.txt

使用C++中的管道以避免使用硬盘驱动器。这是我的代码:

//LET THE PLUMBING BEGIN 
int fd_p2c[2], fd_pFc[2], bytes_read;
    // "p2c" = pipe_to_child, "pFc" = pipe_from_child (see above link)
pid_t childpid;
char readbuffer[80];
string program_name;// <---- includes program name + full path
string gulp_command;// <---- includes my line-by-line stdin for program execution
string receive_output = "";
pipe(fd_p2c);//create pipe-to-child
pipe(fd_pFc);//create pipe-from-child
childpid = fork();//create fork
if (childpid < 0)
{
    cout << "Fork failed" << endl;
    exit(-1);
}
else if (childpid == 0)
{
    dup2(0,fd_p2c[0]);//close stdout & make read end of p2c into stdout
    close(fd_p2c[0]);//close read end of p2c
    close(fd_p2c[1]);//close write end of p2c
    dup2(1,fd_pFc[1]);//close stdin & make read end of pFc into stdin
    close(fd_pFc[1]);//close write end of pFc
    close(fd_pFc[0]);//close read end of pFc
    //Execute the required program
    execl(program_name.c_str(),program_name.c_str(),(char *) 0);
    exit(0);
}
else
{
    close(fd_p2c[0]);//close read end of p2c
    close(fd_pFc[1]);//close write end of pFc
    //"Loop" - send all data to child on write end of p2c
    write(fd_p2c[1], gulp_command.c_str(), (strlen(gulp_command.c_str())));
    close(fd_p2c[1]);//close write end of p2c
    //Loop - receive all data to child on read end of pFc
    while (1)
    {        
        bytes_read = read(fd_pFc[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
        if (bytes_read <= 0)//if nothing read from buffer...
            break;//...break loop
        receive_output += readbuffer;//append data to string
    }
    close(fd_pFc[0]);//close read end of pFc
}

我绝对相信上面的字符串初始化正确。然而,有两件事对我来说毫无意义:

(1) 我正在执行的程序报告"输入文件为空"。由于我没有用"<"调用程序,因此不应该期望有输入文件。相反,它应该期待键盘输入。此外,它应该读取包含在"gull_command"中的文本

(2) 程序的报告(通过标准输出提供)显示在终端中。这很奇怪,因为这个管道的目的是将stdout传输到我的字符串"receive_output"。但由于它出现在屏幕上,这表明信息没有通过管道正确传递到变量。如果我在If语句的末尾实现以下内容,

cout << receive_output << endl;

我什么也没得到,好像绳子是空的。我很感激你能给我的任何帮助!

编辑:澄清

我的程序当前使用文本文件与另一个程序通信。我的程序编写一个文本文件(例如input.txt),由外部程序读取。然后,该程序生成output.txt,由我的程序读取。所以它是这样的:

my code -> input.txt -> program -> output.txt -> my code

因此,我的代码目前使用

system("program < input.txt > output.txt");

我想用管道代替这个过程。我想将我的输入作为标准输入传递给程序,并让我的代码将该程序的标准输出读取为字符串。

您的主要问题是dup2()的参数颠倒了。您需要使用:

dup2(fd_p2c[0], 0);   // Duplicate read end of pipe to standard input
dup2(fd_pFc[1], 1);   // Duplicate write end of pipe to standard output

我被误解了你写的OK,直到我对设置代码进行了错误检查,并从dup2()调用中得到了意外值,这告诉了我问题所在。当出现问题时,插入您以前跳过的错误检查。

您也没有确保从孩子身上读取的数据无效终止;这个代码确实如此。

工作代码(带诊断),使用cat作为最简单的"其他命令":

#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int fd_p2c[2], fd_c2p[2], bytes_read;
    pid_t childpid;
    char readbuffer[80];
    string program_name = "/bin/cat";
    string gulp_command = "this is the command data sent to the child cat (kitten?)";
    string receive_output = "";
    if (pipe(fd_p2c) != 0 || pipe(fd_c2p) != 0)
    {
        cerr << "Failed to pipen";
        exit(1);
    }
    childpid = fork();
    if (childpid < 0)
    {
        cout << "Fork failed" << endl;
        exit(-1);
    }
    else if (childpid == 0)
    {
        if (dup2(fd_p2c[0], 0) != 0 ||
            close(fd_p2c[0]) != 0 ||
            close(fd_p2c[1]) != 0)
        {
            cerr << "Child: failed to set up standard inputn";
            exit(1);
        }
        if (dup2(fd_c2p[1], 1) != 1 ||
            close(fd_c2p[1]) != 0 ||
            close(fd_c2p[0]) != 0)
        {
            cerr << "Child: failed to set up standard outputn";
            exit(1);
        }
        execl(program_name.c_str(), program_name.c_str(), (char *) 0);
        cerr << "Failed to execute " << program_name << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    else
    {
        close(fd_p2c[0]);
        close(fd_c2p[1]);
        cout << "Writing to child: <<" << gulp_command << ">>" << endl;
        int nbytes = gulp_command.length();
        if (write(fd_p2c[1], gulp_command.c_str(), nbytes) != nbytes)
        {
            cerr << "Parent: short write to childn";
            exit(1);
        }
        close(fd_p2c[1]);
        while (1)
        {
            bytes_read = read(fd_c2p[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer)-1);
            if (bytes_read <= 0)
                break;
            readbuffer[bytes_read] = '';
            receive_output += readbuffer;
        }
        close(fd_c2p[0]);
        cout << "From child: <<" << receive_output << ">>" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

样本输出:

Writing to child: <<this is the command data sent to the child cat (kitten?)>>
From child: <<this is the command data sent to the child cat (kitten?)>>

请注意,您需要小心,以确保您的代码不会陷入僵局。如果你有一个严格同步的协议(因此父级在锁定步骤中写入消息并读取响应),你应该没事,但如果父级试图将一条太大而无法放入管道的消息写入子级,而子级试图将太大而不能放入管道的信息写入父级,那么在等待另一个读取时,每个消息都将被阻止写入。

听起来像是在寻找协处理器。你可以用C/C++对它们进行编程,但由于它们已经在(bash)shell中可用,所以使用shell更容易,对吧?

首先用coproc内置程序启动外部程序:

coproc external_program

coproc在后台启动程序,并将与之通信的文件描述符存储在数组外壳变量中。现在你只需要启动你的程序,将其连接到那些文件描述符:

your_program <&${COPROC[0]} >&${COPROC[1]}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int i, status, len;
    char str[10];
    mknod("pipe", S_IFIFO | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, 0); //create named pipe
    pid_t pid = fork(); // create new process
    /* Process A */
    if (pid == 0) {
        int myPipe = open("pipe", O_WRONLY); // returns a file descriptor for the pipe
        cout << "nThis is process A having PID= " << getpid(); //Get pid of process A
        cout << "nEnter the string: ";
        cin >> str;
        len = strlen(str);
        write(myPipe, str, len); //Process A write to the named pipe
        cout << "Process A sent " << str;
        close(myPipe); //closes the file descriptor fields.
        }
    /* Process B */
        else {
        int myPipe = open("pipe", O_RDONLY); //Open the pipe and returns file descriptor
        char buffer[21];
        int pid_child;
        pid_child = wait(&status); //wait until any one child process terminates
        int length = read(myPipe, buffer, 20); //reads up to size bytes from pipe with descriptor fields, store results
    //  in buffer;
        cout<< "nnThis is process B having PID= " << getpid();//Get pid of process B
        buffer[length] = '';
        cout << "nProcess B received " << buffer;
        i = 0;
        //Reverse the string
        for (length = length - 1; length >= 0; length--)
        str[i++] = buffer[length];
        str[i] = '';
        cout << "nRevers of string is " << str;
        close(myPipe);
        }
    unlink("pipe");
return 0;
}

最新更新