Python eval 在函数中不起作用

Question

为什么python的 eval在函数中不起作用？相同的eval(compile(cmd))代码在全局环境中起作用，但在foo函数中不起作用。

简单示例：

fn = '/tmp/tmp'
mode = 'single'
def foo(cmd, fn, mode):
    eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode)) # <<< this does not work
    print 'foo: cmd=', cmd
    print 'foo: x=', x
cmd = "x = 1"
eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode)) # <<< this works
print 'global scope: cmd=', cmd
print 'global scope: x=', x
del(x)
foo('x = 9', fn, mode)

这是输出和错误消息：

global scope: cmd= x = 1
global scope: x= 1
foo: cmd= x = 9
foo: x=
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ctest.py", line 20, in <module>
    foo('x = 9', fn, mode)
  File "ctest.py", line 12, in foo
    print 'foo: x=', x
NameError: global name 'x' is not defined

Answer 1

在您的功能中，执行确实可以工作，但是x最终在locals()中，然后print语句试图在globals()中找到x，因此提高了NameError。

。

fn = '/tmp/tmp'
mode = 'single'
def foo(cmd, fn, mode):
    eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode))
    print 'locals:', locals()
    print 'foo: cmd=', cmd
    print 'foo: x=', locals()['x']
cmd = "x = 1"
eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode))
print 'global scope: cmd=', cmd
print 'global scope: x=', x
del(x)
foo('x = 9', fn, mode)

输出：

global scope: cmd= x = 1
global scope: x= 1
locals: {'x': 9, 'cmd': 'x = 9', 'mode': 'single', 'fn': '/tmp/tmp'}
foo: cmd= x = 9
foo: x= 9