初始化内部嵌套函数



我有以下javascript函数:

var headerFunctionality = function () {
    var isInitialised = false;
    //other variables
    function init() {
        if (!this.isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            this.isInitialised = true;
        }
    };
    function destroy() {
        if (this.isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            this.isInitialised = false;
        }
    };
}

如何更改此设置以便我可以调用

headerFunctionality.init();
headerFunctionality.destroy();

我尝试添加退货,如下所示:

return {
    init: init,
    destroy: destroy
}

但这只允许我调用headerFunctionality(),然后似乎触发了两个内部函数。

我所看到的一切都告诉我,我需要做这样的事情:

function headerFunctionality() {
  ...same inner as above
}
var header = headerFunctionality();
header.init();

这是唯一的方法还是我能够更改上述内容,以便函数是变量本身?

实现

此目的的最佳和最常见的方法之一是使用模块模式。将function包裹在 IIFE 中。

var headerFunctionality = (function () {
    var isInitialised = false;
    //other variables
    function init() {
        if (!isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            isInitialized = true;
        }
    };
    function destroy() {
        if (isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            isInitialised = false;
        }
    };
    return {
        init: init,
        destroy: destroy
    }
})();

您可以立即执行该函数:

var headerFunctionality = (function () {
    var isInitialised = false;  // I'm leaving it in, but it's not used anywhere! You change this.isInitiaized later which isn't the variable declared here.
    //other variables
    function init() {
        if (!this.isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            this.isInitialised = true;
        }
    };
    function destroy() {
        if (this.isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            this.isInitialised = false;
        }
    };
    return {
        init: init,
        destroy: destroy
    }
}());

您也可以更改局部isInitialized变量,而不是this.isInitialized

var headerFunctionality = (function () {
    var isInitialised = false;  
    //other variables
    function init() {
        if (!isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            console.log( 'initialized' );
            isInitialised = true;
        }
    };
    function destroy() {
        if (isInitialised) {
            //do stuff here
            console.log( 'destroyed' );
            isInitialised = false;
        }
    };
    return {
        init: init,
        destroy: destroy
    }
}());

第二个示例和第一个示例之间的区别在于,在第一个(使用 this)中,isInitialized 属性是公开的,sou 您可以从外部检查headerFunctionality.isInitialized。在第二个示例中,保留在闭包中的局部变量被修改,并且无法从外部范围访问。

如果你想做一些"类"的事情,你可以通过这样的事情来实现你的目标:

var HeaderFunctionality = function () {
    this.isInitialised = false;
    //other variables (with this)
}
HeaderFunctionality.prototype.init = function() {
    if (!this.isInitialised) {
        //do stuff here
        this.isInitialised = true;
    }
};
HeaderFunctionality.prototype.destroy = function() {
    if (this.isInitialised) {
        //do stuff here
        this.isInitialised = false;
    }
};

然后,您可以创建和使用标头功能对象,如下所示:

var hf = new HeaderFunctionality();
hf.init();
console.log(hf.isInitialized); // => true
hf.destroy();
console.log(hf.isInitialized); // => false

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