通过WebCryptoAPI而不是已浏览的节点加密模块在浏览器中生成ECDH密钥



我有一个非常小的节点脚本来创建公钥/私钥有没有任何方法可以在客户端上做到这一点,而不必浏览漏洞加密模块?

var crypto    = require('crypto');
var userCurve = crypto.createECDH('prime256v1');
var userPublicKey = userCurve.generateKeys()
var userPrivateKey = userCurve.getPrivateKey();

到目前为止,我已经尝试过了:

// https://github.com/diafygi/webcrypto-examples#ecdh---generatekey
window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
        name: "ECDH",
        namedCurve: "P-256", //can be "P-256", "P-384", or "P-521"
    },
    true, //whether the key is extractable (i.e. can be used in exportKey)
    ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"] //can be any combination of "deriveKey" and "deriveBits"
)
.then(function(key){
    //returns a keypair object
    console.log(key);
    console.log(key.publicKey);
    console.log(key.privateKey);
})
.catch(function(err){
    console.error(err);
});

但当我将其记录为

时,它看起来一点也不像节点版本

让我们做一个完整的椭圆曲线Diffie-Hellman(ECDH)交换,以在双方之间建立共享秘密。Alice使用Node.js,Bob坐在浏览器前(Chrome或Firefox的最新版本)。(无需浏览任何内容。)

(1) Alice生成私钥和公钥。

const crypto = require('crypto');
const alice = crypto.createECDH('prime256v1');
alice.generateKeys()
const alicePublicKey = alice.getPublicKey('hex')
const alicePrivateKey = alice.getPrivateKey('hex')
console.log(`publicKey: ${alicePublicKey}`)
console.log(`privateKey: ${alicePrivateKey}`)

示例输出:

publicKey: 043a3770a8068738ded16c9409e1a6fbf6dde2360ac5b3fd3e5bb8d9fd6adaed6ea83ff5153f58ae13098e86da89df1beb14ef46388d3df76e8fe2ee0ff9e926d5
privateKey: 03ce9cb317c8761699f174943dc9b2d2b7991515b48216a4c677fcf5ee879f2c

(2) Alice将她的公钥发送给Bob(043a3770...)。Bob编写了一些帮助程序,将十六进制字符串转换为Uint8Arrays,并将缓冲区转换为十六进制字符串。

const hex2Arr = str => {
    if (!str) {
        return new Uint8Array()
    }
    const arr = []
    for (let i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i+=2) {
        arr.push(parseInt(str.substr(i, 2), 16))
    }
    return new Uint8Array(arr)
}
const buf2Hex = buf => {
    return Array.from(new Uint8Array(buf))
        .map(x => ('00' + x.toString(16)).slice(-2))
        .join('')
}

(3) Bob接收Alices的密钥并计算共享密钥

  • 他生成自己的私钥和公钥
  • 他导出公钥并将其发送给Alice
  • 他导入了爱丽丝的公钥
  • 他使用他的私钥和爱丽丝的公钥计算共享的秘密

    // Alice's public key (received over an [insecure] connection)
    const alicePublicKeyHex = '043a3770a8068738ded16c9409e1a6fbf6dde2360ac5b3fd3e5bb8d9fd6adaed6ea83ff5153f58ae13098e86da89df1beb14ef46388d3df76e8fe2ee0ff9e926d5'
    const alicePublicKey = hex2Arr(alicePublicKeyHex)
    console.log(`Alice's publicKey: ${alicePublicKeyHex}`)
    let bob = null
    // generate Bob's private and public key
    window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
        {
            name: 'ECDH',
            namedCurve: 'P-256'
        },
        false, // no need to make Bob's private key exportable
        ['deriveKey', 'deriveBits'])
        .then(bobKey => {
            bob = bobKey
            // export Bob's public key
            return window.crypto.subtle.exportKey(
                'raw', bobKey.publicKey
            )
        })
        .then(bobPublicKeyExported => {
            const bobPublicKeyHex = buf2Hex(bobPublicKeyExported)
            // display and send Bob's public key to Alice
            console.log(`Bob's publicKey: ${bobPublicKeyHex}`)
            // import Alice's public key
            return window.crypto.subtle.importKey(
                'raw',
                alicePublicKey,
                {
                    name: 'ECDH',
                    namedCurve: 'P-256'
                },
                true,
                [])
        })
        .then(aliceKeyImported => {
            // use Alice's imported public key and
            // Bob's private key to compute the shared secret
            return window.crypto.subtle.deriveBits(
                {
                    name: 'ECDH',
                    namedCurve: 'P-256',
                    public: aliceKeyImported
                },
                bob.privateKey,
                256)
        })
        .then(sharedSecret => {
            const sharedSecretHex = buf2Hex(sharedSecret)
            console.log(`sharedSecret: ${sharedSecretHex}`)
        })
        .catch(err => {
            console.log(err)
        })
    

示例输出:

Alice's publicKey: 043a3770a8068738ded16c9409e1a6fbf6dde2360ac5b3fd3e5bb8d9fd6adaed6ea83ff5153f58ae13098e86da89df1beb14ef46388d3df76e8fe2ee0ff9e926d5
Bob's publicKey: 04aeceba6ae783c9b705833c2fa8822281f47f6f36bc867e4d398fa7a744d4fc63a010cbce1e6c9ac8858ad376a24ee8551615560f01c8bb63c86335c046b18962
sharedSecret: c26c9f370f001a947d7fec4dc9282d3e9ea718e1de487eb4f6fa7d6f0a311b97

(4) Alice接收Bob的公钥(04aece...)。她也计算出共同的秘密。

const crypto = require('crypto')
const alice = crypto.createECDH('prime256v1')
// Alice's privateKey (generated previously)
const alicePrivateKey = '937cdd11062b612ff3cb3e4a3c183254b9728b4c8c3a64de799ed196b672734b'
// Bob's publicKey transmitted to Alice
const bobPublicKey = '04aeceba6ae783c9b705833c2fa8822281f47f6f36bc867e4d398fa7a744d4fc63a010cbce1e6c9ac8858ad376a24ee8551615560f01c8bb63c86335c046b18962'
// set Alice's private key (not needed if continuing from (1))
alice.setPrivateKey(alicePrivateKey, 'hex')
const sharedSecret = alice.computeSecret(bobPublicKey, 'hex', 'hex')
console.log(`sharedSecret: ${sharedSecret}`)

Examle输出:

sharedSecret: c26c9f370f001a947d7fec4dc9282d3e9ea718e1de487eb4f6fa7d6f0a311b97

秘密是共享的。

(5) 共享密钥通常用于导出对称密钥,用于加密Alice和Bob之间的消息(此后他们愉快地通信)。

备注:

  • 通常不需要显示或导出私钥。Alice通常从步骤(1)开始继续计算共享秘密(并省略alice.setPrivateKey(alicePrivateKey, 'hex'))。

  • 由于共享密钥最常用于导出对称密钥,因此可以提交window.crypto.subtle.deriveKeyderiveBits。这里使用deriveBits来说明Alice和Bob确实在一个共同的秘密上达成了一致。

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