java.lang.AssertionError语言 - 使用 Mockito 测试 servlet 时的异常

Question

我正在尝试使用 Mockito 测试一个 servlet，并看到以下异常。不知道为什么 response.getStatus() 方法会返回 0 而不是 200，甚至response.getContentType()也返回 null。

例外

Running com.study.mockito.controllers.WelcomeControllerTest
Into the WelcomeController...
response.getStatus() = 0
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.27 sec <<< FAILURE!
testProcessRequest(com.study.mockito.controllers.WelcomeControllerTest)  Time elapsed: 0.23 sec  <<< FAILURE!
java.lang.AssertionError: expected:<text/html> but was:<null>
    at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:93)
    at org.junit.Assert.failNotEquals(Assert.java:647)
    at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:128)
    at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:147)
    at com.study.mockito.controllers.WelcomeControllerTest.testProcessRequest(WelcomeControllerTest.java:43)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:252)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:141)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:112)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)

Results :
Failed tests:   testProcessRequest(com.study.mockito.controllers.WelcomeControllerTest): expected:<text/html> but was:<null>

欢迎控制器测试.java

public class WelcomeControllerTest {
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private HttpServletResponse response;
    private WelcomeController controller;
    private RequestDispatcher rd;
    private ServletContext appContext;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        controller = new WelcomeController();
        request = mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
        response = mock(HttpServletResponse.class);
        rd = mock(RequestDispatcher.class);
        appContext = mock(ServletContext.class);
    }
    @Test
    public void testProcessRequest() throws ServletException, IOException {
        when(request.getServletContext()).thenReturn(appContext);
        when(appContext.getRequestDispatcher(anyString())).thenReturn(rd);
        controller.doGet(request, response);
        verify(rd).forward(request, response);
        System.out.println("response.getStatus() = " + response.getStatus());
        assertEquals("text/html", response.getContentType());
    }
}

欢迎控制器.java

@WebServlet(name = "WelcomeController", urlPatterns = {"/welcome.htm"})
public class WelcomeController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Into the WelcomeController...");
        RequestDispatcher rd = request.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/welcome.jsp");
        rd.forward(request, response);
    }
}

Answer 1

不知道为什么 response.getStatus（） 方法会返回 0 而不是 200，>甚至 response.getContentType（） 也返回 null。

因为response是一个模拟，所以当你response调用getStatus()、getContentType()或任何其他方法时，你会得到：

• 编程行为（如果您使用Mockito.when(...或Mockito.doXXX(编程某些行为
• 响应类型的默认值（int => 0 、 String => null 等）

在您的情况下，response.getStatus()返回一个int并且没有编程的行为，因此您得到0，response.getContentType()返回一个String并且没有编程的行为，因此您会得到null

项目主页上有一些值得一读的文档。另请参阅常见问题