匹配的通配符是严格的，但找不到元素'mvc:annotation-driven'的声明

Question

当我试图通过Tomcat 7运行spring3.1.0 MVC应用程序时，出现以下错误：

匹配的通配符是严格的，但找不到的声明元素"mvc：注释驱动"。

这是我的mvc-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans      
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->

    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index" />

</beans>

这是我的servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans      
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
    <import resource="mvc-config.xml" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jr.freedom.controllers"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

最后，这里是tomcat 7 的完全例外

> org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException:
> Configuration problem: Failed to import bean definitions from relative
> location [mvc-config.xml] Offending resource: ServletContext resource
> [/WEB-INF/FreedomSpring-servlet.xml]; nested exception is
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException:
> Line 11 in XML document from ServletContext resource
> [/WEB-INF/mvc-config.xml] is invalid; nested exception is
> org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching
> wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element
> 'mvc:annotation-driven'.  at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.FailFastProblemReporter.error(FailFastProblemReporter.java:68)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:85)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:76)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.importBeanDefinitionResource(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:271)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseDefaultElement(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:196)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:181)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:140)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:111)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:493)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:390)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
>   at
> org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
>   at
> org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:131)
>   at
> org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:522)
>   at
> org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:436)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:631)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:588)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:645)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:508)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:449)
>   at
> org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:133)
>   at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160)   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1266)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1185)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1080)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5015)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5302)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:897)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:873)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:615)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:958)
>   at
> org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1599)
>   at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown
> Source)   at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown
> Source)   at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)  at
> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(Unknown Source)
>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
>   at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

编辑。这是我的build.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
    <property file="build.properties"/>
    <property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
    <property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
    <property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
    <property name="name" value="FreedomSpring"/>
    <path id="master-classpath">
        <fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
            <include name="*.jar"/>
        </fileset>
        <!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
        <!--  * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
        <!--  * for other app servers - check the docs -->
        <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
            <include name="servlet*.jar"/>
        </fileset>
        <pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
    </path>
    <target name="usage">
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="${name} build file"/>
        <echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="Available targets are:"/>
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="build     --> Build the application"/>
        <echo message="deploy    --> Deploy application as directory"/>
        <echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
        <echo message="install   --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
        <echo message="reload    --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
        <echo message="start     --> Start Tomcat application"/>
        <echo message="stop      --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
        <echo message="list      --> List Tomcat applications"/>
        <echo message=""/>
    </target>
    <target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
        <mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
        <javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
               deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
            <src path="${src.dir}"/>
            <classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
        </javac>
    </target>
    <target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
        <copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
            <fileset dir="${web.dir}">
                <include name="**/*.*"/>
            </fileset>
        </copy>
    </target>
    <target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
        <war destfile="${name}.war"
             webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
            <fileset dir="${web.dir}">
                <include name="**/*.*"/>
            </fileset>
        </war>
        <copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
            <fileset dir=".">
                <include name="*.war"/>
            </fileset>
        </copy>
    </target>
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================== -->
    <path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
        <!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
        <!--  * for other app servers - check the docs -->
        <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
            <include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
        </fileset>
    </path>
    <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">
        <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
    </taskdef>
    <taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
        <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
    </taskdef>
    <taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
        <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
    </taskdef>
    <taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
        <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
    </taskdef>
    <taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
        <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
    </taskdef>
    <target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
          <echo message="deploy path =  ${deploy.path}/${name}"/>
        <install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
                 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
                 path="${deploy.path}/${name}"
                 war="${deploy.path}/"/>
    </target>
    <target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
        <reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
                 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
                 path="/${name}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
        <start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
                 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
                 path="${deploy.path}/${name}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
        <stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
                 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
                 path="${deploy.path}/${name}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
        <list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
                 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
    </target>
<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
</project>

Answer 1

您需要将其放在架构位置：

http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd

Answer 2

@jonney缺少的库是spring-webmvc。

Maven依赖关系：org.springframeworkspring-webmvc$｛spring.version｝

Answer 3

您需要将以下内容添加到架构位置：

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd

Answer 4

我遇到了同样的问题，但添加了

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd

到我的调度器servlet中的模式位置。在没有指定版本号的情况下，我能够毫无问题地运行此修复程序。我不建议将版本号硬编码到您的模式位置，因为这可能会导致servlet/上下文和pom.xml之间的冲突（假设您使用的是maven）。如果必须这样做，最好在pom.xml中更新它们。