尝试包装函数返回值时出现"<类名>不提供调用运算符"错误



我正试图编写一个函数,该函数将一个函子作为参数,调用该函子,然后返回其封装在boost::shared_ptr中的返回值。

以下内容拒绝编译,我完全没有想法。我得到"std::vector<std::string>不提供调用运算符"(大致)。我在Mac OS X上使用Clang 3.1。

template< typename T >
boost::shared_ptr< T > ReturnValueAsShared(
    boost::function< T() > func )
{
  return boost::make_shared< T >( func() );
}

这就是我尝试使用它的上下文:

make_shared< packaged_task< boost::shared_ptr< std::vector< std::string > > > >(
   bind( ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >,
      bind( [a function that returns a std::vector< std::string >] ) ) );

编辑:这是一个完整的自包含测试用例。这段代码编译失败,出现了同样的错误,在我的一生中,我看不出有什么问题:

#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/function.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
std::vector< std::string > foo( std::string a )
{
  std::vector< std::string > vec;
  vec.push_back( a );
  return vec;
}
template< typename T >
boost::shared_ptr< T > ReturnValueAsShared(
    boost::function< T() > func )
{
  return boost::make_shared< T >( func() );
}
int main()
{
  auto f = boost::bind( ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >,
                        boost::bind( foo, std::string("a") ) );
  f();
} // main

这是错误输出:

In file included from testcase.cpp:3:
In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/function.hpp:64:
In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/iter/forward1.hpp:47:
In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/function/detail/function_iterate.hpp:14:
In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/function/detail/maybe_include.hpp:13:
/usr/local/include/boost/function/function_template.hpp:132:18: error: type 'std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > >' does not provide a call operator
          return (*f)(BOOST_FUNCTION_ARGS);
                 ^~~~
/usr/local/include/boost/function/function_template.hpp:907:53: note: in instantiation of member function 'boost::detail::function::function_obj_invoker0<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > >, std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >::invoke' requested here
        { { &manager_type::manage }, &invoker_type::invoke };
                                                    ^
/usr/local/include/boost/function/function_template.hpp:722:13: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::function0<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >::assign_to<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >' requested here
      this->assign_to(f);
            ^
/usr/local/include/boost/function/function_template.hpp:1042:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::function0<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >::function0<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >' requested here
    base_type(f)
    ^
/usr/local/include/boost/bind/bind.hpp:243:43: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::function<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > ()>::function<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >' requested here
        return unwrapper<F>::unwrap(f, 0)(a[base_type::a1_]);
                                          ^
/usr/local/include/boost/bind/bind_template.hpp:20:27: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::bind_t<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > >, std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > (*)(std::basic_string<char>), boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::value<std::basic_string<char> > > > >::operator()<boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >, boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > > (*)(boost::function<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > ()>), boost::_bi::list0>' requested here
        BOOST_BIND_RETURN l_(type<result_type>(), f_, a, 0);
                          ^
testcase.cpp:27:4: note: in instantiation of member function 'boost::_bi::bind_t<boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > >, boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > > (*)(boost::function<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > ()>), boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::bind_t<std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > >, std::vector<std::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char> > > (*)(std::basic_string<char>), boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::value<std::basic_string<char> > > > > >::operator()' requested here
  f();
   ^
1 error generated.

以下是更多的线索。以下代码编译得很好,但这对我没有帮助,因为这不是我想要的代码:)

#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/function.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
std::vector< std::string > foo()
{
  std::vector< std::string > vec;
  return vec;
}
template< typename T >
boost::shared_ptr< T > ReturnValueAsShared(
    boost::function< T() > func )
{
  return boost::make_shared< T >( func() );
}
int main()
{
  auto f = boost::bind( ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >,
                        foo );
  f();
} // main

boost::protect是前进的道路:

int main()
{
  auto f = boost::bind( ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >,
                        boost::protect(boost::bind( foo, std::string("a") ) ) );
  f();
} // main

这是最干净的。

一些构造(如bind)返回中间的"表达式"类型,而您实际上并不想在鼻子上捕获这些类型。在这种情况下,您不能通过auto捕获类型,并且可能需要指定显式转换,因为否则就没有唯一的、单个用户定义的转换链。在您的情况下,添加从绑定表达式到function:的显式转换

typedef std::vector<std::string> G;
auto f = boost::bind(ReturnValueAsShared<G>,
             static_cast<boost::function<G()>(boost::bind(foo, std::string("a")))
                    );

(这本身实际上并不适用于我,但如果您使用相应的std构造,它确实有效。)

完成重写,原始答案不正确

误差分析

由于一开始我不知道这里出了什么问题,所以我做了一些分析。我把它留着备查;请参阅下面的解决方案以了解如何避免该问题。

bind.hpp这样做:

return unwrapper<F>::unwrap(f, 0)(a[base_type::a1_]);

在我看来,翻译如下:

unwrapper<F>::unwrap(f, 0) = ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >
base_type::a1_ = boost::bind( foo, std::string("a") )

因此,您希望此代码将参数按原样传递给函数。但要使其工作,表达式a[base_type::a1_]的类型必须为boots:_bi::value<T>,而它的类型必须是展开的boost::_bi::bind_t。因此,与其将函子作为参数传递,不如调用一个特殊的重载版本:

namespace boost { namespace _bi { class list0 {
    …
    template<class R, class F, class L>
    typename result_traits<R, F>::type
    operator[] (bind_t<R, F, L> & b) const {
        return b.eval(*this);
    }
    …
} } }

这将计算null函数,而不是将其传递。因此,参数现在不是返回向量的对象,而是vecotr。随后的步骤将尝试将其转换为boost::function并失败。

标准解

再次编辑:
看起来这种对嵌套绑定的特殊处理是一种功能。与用户Zao和heller谈论#boost时,我现在知道有一个protect函数可以对抗这些影响。因此,这个问题的规范解决方案如下:

…
#include <boost/bind/protect.hpp>
…
  auto f = boost::bind( ReturnValueAsShared< std::vector< std::string > >,
    boost::protect ( boost::bind( foo, std::string("a") ) ) );
…

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