"The parameter type `C` may not live long enough" ,当它不需要时



我正在用 Rust 编写非常基本的 AI 系统。它的主要组成部分是:

  • Actions,可由库用户实现,用于特定用途,
  • 泛型Context,它传递给所有操作,只需要在操作执行期间生存,
  • ActionsContainer,它"全局"存储所有可能的操作,
  • System,它将选择正确的操作并运行它。有许多系统,每个代理一个。但是,它们共享相同的行为集,因此它们都引用了一个共同的ActionsContainer

这是一个说明我问题的最小示例。

// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<Box<Action<C>>>,
}
struct System<'a, C: Context> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
}
impl<'a, C: Context> System<'a, C> {
fn run(&self, c: &mut C) {
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&context);
assert_eq!(context.y, context.x)
}
}
}

操场

编译器抱怨:

error[E0309]: the parameter type `C` may not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
13 | struct System<'a, C: Context> {
|                   -- help: consider adding an explicit lifetime bound `C: 'a`...
14 |     actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
|     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: ...so that the reference type `&'a ActionsContainer<C>` does not outlive the data it points at
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
14 |     actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
|     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

但是,C不会存储在Action中。它只需要在执行run时生存。另一方面,Action确实需要活到整个System。有什么方法可以注释吗?

我怀疑,这与更高等级的特征界限有关,但我在这里看不到如何使用它们。

我还试图摆脱Action作为 trait 对象,只使用普通函数引用:

type Action<C> = fn(&mut C);
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<&'static Action<C>>,
}

但是编译器错误几乎相同。

我已经找到了解决方案:

// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<A> {
actions: Vec<Box<A>>,
}
struct System<'a, A: 'a> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<A>,
}
impl<'a, A> System<'a, A> {
fn run<C>(&self, c: &mut C)
where
C: Context,
A: Action<C>,
{
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = *c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&mut context);
assert_eq!(context.y, *context.x)
}
}
}

操场

Rust 总是假设通用结构中提到的特征将存储在该结构中(因此我的生命周期问题)。如果您不打算存储该特征,请不要在结构定义中提及它。相反,请使用更通用的边界,并在定义适当生存期的方法上阐明它们。

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