如何从需要外部依赖关系的多个.o文件中创建可执行文件

Question

我需要编译一个C++项目，该项目将使用该项目的外部库和头进行线性编程COIN-OR。它包含三个.cpp文件，我已经成功地将它们编译成了.o文件。我的主要问题是下一步该怎么办。由于所有的文件都是无错误编译的，我认为它们至少应该给我一些结果。

如何为linux创建可执行文件？

我试过

gcc myfile.o-o主

它不起作用，它输出了一大块错误文本。

如果需要，这是Makefile:

#
P=farmer
#
EXE=$(P)
OBJS=main-farmer.o model-farmer.o param-farmer.o pm.h
ADDLIBS=-D.
ADDINCFLAGS=-I.
SRCDIR=~/coin-projects
########## 

CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wimplicit -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion
CXXLINKFLAGS=-Wl,--rpath -Wl,/installed/CoinAll/lib
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-03 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wimplicit -Wparentheses -Wsequence-point -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall

COININCDIR=/installed/CoinAll/include/coin
#  COIN-OR libs
COINLIBDIR=/installed/CoinAll/lib
#  Clp
LIBS=-L$(COINLIBDIR) -lCbc -lCgl -lOsiClp -lOsi -lClp -lCoinUtils -lm 
`cat $(COINLIBDIR)/cgl_addlibs.txt` 
`cat $(COINLIBDIR)/clp_addlibs.txt` 
`cat $(COINLIBDIR)/coinutils_addlibs.txt` 

CLEANFILES=
addBits.o addBits 
addColumns.o addColumns 
addRows.o addRows 
decompose.o decompose 
defaults.o defaults 
driver2.o driver2 
driver.o driver 
driverC.o driverC 
dualCuts.o dualCuts 
ekk.o ekk 
ekk_interface.o ekk_interface 
hello.o hello 
makeDual.o makeDual 
minimum.o minimum 
network.o network 
piece.o piece 
rowColumn.o rowColumn 
sprint2.o sprint2 
sprint.o sprint 
testBarrier.o testBarrier 
testBasis.o testBasis 
testGub2.o testGub2 
testGub.o testGub 
testQP.o testQP 
useVolume.o useVolume
# Part 3
#
all: $(EXE)
.SUFFIXES: .cpp .c .o .obj
$(EXE): $(OBJS)
    bla=;
    for file in $(OBJS); do bla="$$bla `$(CYGPATH_W) $$file`"; done; 
    $(CXX) $(CXXLINKFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ $$bla $(ADDLIBS) $(LIBS)
####
########
############
########
####

clean:
    rm -rf $(CLEANFILES)
.cpp.o:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `test -f '$<' || echo '$(SRCDIR)/'`$<
.cpp.obj:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `if test -f '$<'; then $(CYGPATH_W) '$<'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(SRCDIR)/$<'; fi`
.c.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `test -f '$<' || echo '$(SRCDIR)/'`$<
.c.obj:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `if test -f '$<'; then $(CYGPATH_W) '$<'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(SRCDIR)/$<'; fi`

这是我每次尝试命令时都会收到的错误g++主农民。o模型农民。o参数农民。o-o主

错误消息：

model-farmer.o: In function models(double*, double (*) [3], double*, double*, double*, double (*) [3], double (*) [3], double (*)
  [3], double (*) [3][3], double (*) [6][3])':
  model-farmer.cpp:(.text+0x0): multiple definition ofmodels(double*, double () [3], double, double*, double*, double () [3], double () [3], double () [3], double () [3][3], double () [6][3])' main-farmer.o:main-farmer.cpp:(.text+0x60): first defined here param-farmer.o: In function param(double*, double (*) [3], double*,
  double*, double*, double (*) [3], double (*) [3], double (*) [3],
  double (*) [3][3], double (*) [6][3], double*, double*, double*,
  double*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int&)':
  param-farmer.cpp:(.text+0x0): multiple definition ofparam(double, double () [3], double, double*, double*, double () [3], double () [3], double () [3], double () [3][3], double () [6][3], double, double*, double*, double*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int&)' main-farmer.o:main-farmer.cpp:(.text+0x590): first defined here main-farmer.o: In function main':
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x16e): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::OsiClpSolverInterface()' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x198): undefined reference to CoinPackedMatrix::CoinPackedMatrix(bool, int const*, int const*,
  double const*, int)' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x1cb): undefined
  reference toOsiClpSolverInterface::loadProblem(CoinPackedMatrix const&, double const*, double const*, double const*, double const*, double const*)' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x2fc): undefined reference to ClpModel::setOptimizationDirection(double)'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x32c): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::setInteger(int)' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x340): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::setInteger(int)'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x354): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::setInteger(int)' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x361): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::initialSolve()'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x36e): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::isProvenPrimalInfeasible() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x3ab): undefined reference to CoinPackedMatrix::~CoinPackedMatrix()'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x3b8): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::~OsiClpSolverInterface()' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x3de): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::isProvenOptimal() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x3f3): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getObjValue() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x44d): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x478): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x4a4): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x520): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x551): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.o:main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x582): more undefined
  references toOsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' follow main-farmer.o: In function main':
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x92f): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::branchAndBound()' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x94a): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::writeMps(char const*, char const*, double)
  const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x957): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getObjValue() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x96e): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::isProvenOptimal() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0x9d6): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getObjValue() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xa32): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xabc): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xae9): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xb16): undefined reference to
  OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xb43): undefined reference to OsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const'
  main-farmer.o:main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xb70): more undefined
  references toOsiClpSolverInterface::getColSolution() const' follow main-farmer.o: In function main':
  main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xc8f): undefined reference to
  CoinPackedMatrix::~CoinPackedMatrix()' main-farmer.cpp:(.text.startup+0xc9c): undefined reference to `OsiClpSolverInterface::~OsiClpSolverInterface()' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Answer 1

要编译.c并链接.o文件，您应该编写

gcc FirstFile.o SecondFile.o ... -o main

但是，如果编译.cpp，请使用g++而不是gcc。来自外部库的文件也应该写在上面的列表中。

您的命令输出了哪些错误？