JSON 路径 "$.name" 没有值，异常：json 不能为空或空，使用 Mockmvc 和 Spring-boot

Question

本着用Spring Mock-Mvc和/或Mockito学习Spring-bot的精神，我构建了一个小型API，当我以后学习更多东西时，可能会变得更复杂。

主题是"冰与火之歌"或"权力的游戏"。到目前为止，我只有一个包，当你向"/维斯特洛"发送请求时，你可以添加、删除和获得不同的王国。目前，每个王国只需要一个名称财产。

我使用的数据库是Neo4J。

我把代码上传到github，这是链接https://github.com/darwin757/IceAndFire

问题：问题在我的KingdomControllerTest类中，方法addKingdomTestandupdateKingdomTest

@Test
public void addKingdomTest() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/Westeros").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content("{"name":"Dorne"}")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isCreated()).andReturn();
//This part of the test is not working
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Dorne"));
}
@Test
public void updateKingdomTest() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/Westeros").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content("{"name":"Dorne"}")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isCreated());
mockMvc.perform(put("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"name":"theReach"}").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk());
//This Part of the test is not working
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("the Reach"));
}

正如您所看到的，当我请求API创建一个新的Kingdom时，它返回一个201 isCreated或200 isOK，但当我发送一个get请求时，我会返回一个"JSON路径异常处无值">

java.lang.AssertionError: No value at JSON path "$.name", exception: json can not be null or empty
at org.springframework.test.util.JsonPathExpectationsHelper.evaluateJsonPath(JsonPathExpectationsHelper.java:245)
at org.springframework.test.util.JsonPathExpectationsHelper.assertValue(JsonPathExpectationsHelper.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.JsonPathResultMatchers$2.match(JsonPathResultMatchers.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:171)
at com.example.Westeros.Kingdoms.KingdomControllerTest.addKingdomTest(KingdomControllerTest.java:95)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

一般来说，我对Spring非常陌生，我没有在Spring Mock Mvc或Mockito上找到合适的指南。我不知道哪里错了，是我的语法还是我的API？任何帮助都将不胜感激。

这是整个类别：

package com.example.Westeros.Kingdoms;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.stubbing.OngoingStubbing;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import 
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.put;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.header;
import static 
org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Assert;
//TODO Major refactor required to clean up this class and consider the 
testing strategy 
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class KingdomControllerTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext context;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private KingdomService kingdomServiceMock;
@Before
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.context).build();
}
@Test
public void getAllKingdomsTest() throws Exception {
List<Kingdom> kingdoms = setUpAListOfKingdoms();
when(kingdomServiceMock.getAllKingdoms()).thenReturn(kingdoms);
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].name").value("TheNorth"))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].name").value("TheRiverlands"));
}

@Test
public void getKingdomTest() throws Exception {
Kingdom theNorth = setUpAKingdom("TheNorth");
kingdomServiceMock.addKingdom(theNorth);
when(kingdomServiceMock.getKingdom("TheNorth")).thenReturn(theNorth);
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros/TheNorth")).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("TheNorth"));
}
// FIXME This test is returning 201 isCreated,
// but if I perform a get after I get an assertion exception that the variable
// name is empty.
@Test
public void addKingdomTest() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/Westeros").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content("{"name":"Dorne"}")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isCreated()).andReturn();
//This part of the test is not working
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Dorne"));
}
@Test
public void updateKingdomTest() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/Westeros").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content("{"name":"Dorne"}")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isCreated());
mockMvc.perform(put("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"name":"theReach"}").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk());
//This Part of the test is not working
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros/Dorne").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("the Reach"));
}
@Test
public void deleteKingdomTest() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/Westeros").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content("{"name":"theVale"}")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isCreated());
mockMvc.perform(delete("Westeros/theVale").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(status().isNotFound());
}
// FIXME refer to the KingdomController class, the method should be moved to
// another class more suited to it's purpose
@Test
public void deleteAlltest() {
}
private List<Kingdom> setUpAListOfKingdoms() {
Kingdom theNorth = setUpAKingdom("TheNorth");
Kingdom theRiverlands = setUpAKingdom("TheRiverlands");
List<Kingdom> kingdoms = new ArrayList<Kingdom>();
kingdoms.add(theNorth);
kingdoms.add(theRiverlands);
// FIXME wrong place for this code but I can't find another
kingdomServiceMock.addKingdom(theNorth);
kingdomServiceMock.addKingdom(theRiverlands);
return kingdoms;
}
private Kingdom setUpAKingdom(String name) {
Kingdom kingdom = new Kingdom(name);
return kingdom;
}

}

提前谢谢。

Answer 1

好的，我检查了你的github，问题是你在嘲笑你的KingdomService:

@MockBean
private KingdomService kingdomServiceMock;

但在这些失败的测试中，你并没有断言被调用的模拟方法的任何行为。模拟类的默认响应是返回null，因此这里的kingdomService.getKingdom(name)方法总是返回null：

@RequestMapping("/Westeros/{name}")
public Kingdom getKingdom(@PathVariable String name) {
return kingdomService.getKingdom(name);
}

您可能想做更多的集成测试，在这种情况下，我想说您不想嘲笑服务。

因此，在当前正在运行的get测试中，而不是设置模拟行为，您应该自动连接存储库，并实际添加您想要测试的王国，例如：

@Autowired
KingdomRepository kingdomRepository;
@Test
@Transactional
public void getAllKingdomsTest() throws Exception {
List<Kingdom> kingdoms = setUpAListOfKingdoms();
kingdomRepository.saveAll(kingdoms);
kingdomRepository.flush();
mockMvc.perform(get("/Westeros").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].name").value("TheNorth"))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].name").value("TheRiverlands"));
}

@Transactional注释确保在每次测试结束时回滚与数据库的交互。

编辑：您还应该确保您的存储库正在实现JpaRepository，而不是PagingAndSortingRepository。通过这种方式，您可以在回购中调用.flush()方法，以确保数据库中所有挂起的更改都能立即刷新。