我正试图使用其他问题中的提示构建一个上下文无关的语法符号器,但我在分配足够的内存时遇到了问题。
基本代码:
char * print_S ( )
{
int los = zero_or_one();
if ( los == 1 )
return "1";
else
return strcat( print_A(), print_A() );
}
char * print_A ( )
{
int los = zero_or_one();
if ( los == 1 )
return "0";
else
return strcat( print_S(), print_S() );
}
当los=0时返回分段错误。
然后我尝试了为字符串分配内存,然后将其传递给函数,但仍然没有成功:
char * out = (char *) malloc( 100 * sizeof(*out) );
printf("%sn", print_S( out ) );
和
char * print_S ( char * out )
{
int los = zero_or_one();
if ( los == 1 ) {
strcpy (out, "1");
return out;
} else {
return strcat( print_A(out), print_A(out) );
}
}
char * print_A ( char * out )
{
int los = zero_or_one();
if ( los == 1 ) {
strcpy (out, "0");
return out;
} else {
return strcat( print_S(out), print_S(out) );
}
}
什么是正确的方法?感谢
在给定另一个问题的上下文的情况下,我认为您应该安排对函数的初始调用,以给定一个由100个字符组成的数组的开头和结尾。当您递归地向下工作时,您可以适当地增加传递给其他函数的开始指针。
这个代码对我有效:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
/* One of these is sufficient; symmetry requires both */
static char *print_S(char *dst, char *end);
static char *print_A(char *dst, char *end);
static int zero_or_one(void)
{
int rv = rand() % 2;
return rv;
}
static char *print_S(char *dst, char *end)
{
assert(dst <= end);
if (dst < end)
{
if (zero_or_one() == 0)
*dst++ = '0';
else
{
dst = print_A(dst, end);
dst = print_A(dst, end);
}
}
*dst = ' ';
return dst;
}
static char *print_A(char *dst, char *end)
{
assert(dst <= end);
if (dst < end)
{
if (zero_or_one() == 1)
*dst++ = '1';
else
{
dst = print_S(dst, end);
dst = print_S(dst, end);
}
}
*dst = ' ';
return dst;
}
int main(void)
{
srand(time(0));
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
char buffer[100];
(void)print_A(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer) - 1);
printf("%sn", buffer);
(void)print_S(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer) - 1);
printf("%sn", buffer);
}
return 0;
}
请注意,序列通常很短,但也可能很长。运行示例:
01011
0
1
0
1
0
00
11
1
0
1
0
1
1110
00
101110101000000011100001110000100111011011000110001000000111010001000110000100010000111111001100011
1
0
11000011111000110011001000011100
0
1
1000000100001000
011
0
110
0
1
0
1
001
1
0110110011000
11110011110101100101100000111101011010001000110110010100011001100
10111001100101
1
100
100010
0
00
0
011
11
0000100010110
0
1
11
00
0
1
0
一些示例运行被截断为99个字符,就像本例中的长运行一样。我也试过300号和1000号;在这两种情况下,我都得到了被截断的样本运行。
如果你想进行动态内存分配,你必须更狡猾一点:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
/* One of these is sufficient; symmetry requires both */
static char *print_S(char **buffer, size_t *len, char *dst);
static char *print_A(char **buffer, size_t *len, char *dst);
static int zero_or_one(void)
{
int rv = rand() % 2;
return rv;
}
static void add_space(char **buffer, size_t *len, char **dst)
{
assert(*dst < *buffer + *len);
if (*dst == *buffer + *len - 1)
{
char *newbuf = realloc(*buffer, 2 * *len);
if (newbuf == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory (%zu)n", 2 * *len);
exit(1);
}
*len *= 2;
*buffer = newbuf;
*dst = *buffer + strlen(*buffer);
}
}
static char *print_S(char **buffer, size_t *len, char *dst)
{
add_space(buffer, len, &dst);
if (zero_or_one() == 0)
*dst++ = '0';
else
{
dst = print_A(buffer, len, dst);
dst = print_A(buffer, len, dst);
}
*dst = ' ';
return dst;
}
static char *print_A(char **buffer, size_t *len, char *dst)
{
add_space(buffer, len, &dst);
if (zero_or_one() == 1)
*dst++ = '1';
else
{
dst = print_S(buffer, len, dst);
dst = print_S(buffer, len, dst);
}
*dst = ' ';
return dst;
}
int main(void)
{
srand(time(0));
size_t len = 100;
char *buffer = malloc(len);
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
(void)print_A(&buffer, &len, buffer);
printf("%zu: %sn", strlen(buffer), buffer);
(void)print_S(&buffer, &len, buffer);
printf("%zu: %sn", strlen(buffer), buffer);
}
free(buffer);
return 0;
}
这样,我得到了一次运行,其中输出字符串为14473874字节长。我不想在这里打印它;足以说明其中有1和0。