devcontainer，如何使X显示工作(在visualstudio代码中的docker中安装图形)

Question

通常我会用这个技巧让X在docker:中工作

docker run --rm -it -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -v $HOME/Videos:/videos -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY --name knl kdenlive

我试着在一个devcontainer上做同样的事情：

{
"name": "example_dockerized_environment",
"dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
"extensions": [
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
"twxs.cmake",
"eamodio.gitlens"
],
"mounts": [ "source=../,target=/home/project", "source=/tmp/.X11-unix, target=/tmp/.X11-unix"],
"containerEnv": {
"DISPLAY": "unix:0"
},
"runArgs": ["--privileged"]
}

正如你所看到的，我通过了unix$DISPLAY，还安装了X11-unix

但我有

root@5e6a10efbea6:/workspaces/leuze_lidar_volume/sdk/quanergy_client-master# ./visualizer --host localhost
ERROR: In /build/vtk6-YpT4yb/vtk6-6.2.0+dfsg1/Rendering/OpenGL/vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 1466
vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow (0x2293740): bad X server connection. DISPLAY=Aborted (core dumped)

当我在docker内部执行echo $DISPLAY时，我什么也看不到。我试着做

导出DISPLAY=unix:0，然后我得到

root@5e6a10efbea6:/workspaces/leuze_lidar_volume/sdk/quanergy_client-master# ./visualizer --host localhost
ERROR: In /build/vtk6-YpT4yb/vtk6-6.2.0+dfsg1/Rendering/OpenGL/vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 1466
vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow (0x281dcf0): bad X server connection. DISPLAY=unix:0. Aborting.

Aborted (core dumped)

我还看到集装箱内没有/tmp.x11-unix：

root@5e6a10efbea6:/tmp# ls -la /tmp 
total 16
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 4096 Mar 18 03:47 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 18 03:45 ..
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:42 vscode-git-askpass-c2ca47727522d7940b4cce1d99fcc88d32ccfefc.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:47 vscode-git-ipc-f52b0dbfd870db22481ea656170b7615ea1e6497.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:45 vscode-ipc-032f3099-16ea-4f5d-8561-586571a4aea9.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:32 vscode-ipc-425af2fc-ddb1-4554-b93b-3a5bede4c52d.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:47 vscode-ipc-58739ccc-fb7d-4289-808e-21d31c703d1a.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:42 vscode-ipc-aa7aed50-92e4-4b2b-b17e-d70c1bba595e.sock
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2342 Mar 18 03:46 vscode-remote-containers-6a199ce05d20a43a350860289798f388414d648c.js
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:46 vscode-remote-containers-ipc-6a199ce05d20a43a350860289798f388414d648c.sock
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 18 03:46 vscode-ssh-auth-6a199ce05d20a43a350860289798f388414d648c.sock
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 18 03:46 vscode-typescript0
root@5e6a10efbea6:/tmp# 

Answer 1

这是有效的：

{
"name": "my_docker_environment",
"dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
"extensions": [
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
"twxs.cmake",
"eamodio.gitlens",
"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
],
"containerEnv": {
"DISPLAY": "unix:0"
},
"mounts": [
"source=/tmp/.X11-unix,target=/tmp/.X11-unix,type=bind,consistency=cached"
],
"runArgs": ["--privileged"]
}

我不记得是否需要"runArgs": ["--privileged"]，但我想没有

您可能需要执行

xhost local:root

在主机上的终端上，然后启动您的应用

Answer 2

在macOS上测试，devcontainer.json中唯一使用的额外设置：

"containerEnv": {
"DISPLAY": "docker.for.mac.host.internal:0"
},

在主机xhost +localhost上运行devcontainer 之前

Answer 3

关于如何在互联网上使用vscode进行x11转发，有许多不同的解决方案。Docker 23启用了Docker buildkit作为标准，一些GUI应用程序，包括openCV，不再使用这里提到的设置。

相反，在ubuntu 22.04、vscode 1.76.0和Docker 23.0.1上，以下最小的.devcontainer.json文件为我启用了包括opencv在内的GUI：

{
"containerEnv": {
"DISPLAY": "${localEnv:DISPLAY}",
},
"remoteEnv": {
"DOCKER_BUILDKIT": "0", 
},
"image": "YOUR_DOCKER_IMAGE",
"runArgs": [
"--volume=/tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix",
]
}

有趣的阅读：

• https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-release/issues/1409
• https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-release/issues/550#issuecomment-501293753

Answer 4

为了避免xhost +，可以使用.devcontainer.json转发.Xauthority，如：

{
"image": "..."
"runArgs": [
"--net", "host",
"-e", "DISPLAY=:0",
"-e", "XAUTHORITY=/tmp/.Xauthority",
"-v", "${localEnv:HOME}/.Xauthority:/tmp/.Xauthority"
]
}