我正在尝试使用forecast库建立指数平滑模型。
> library(forecast)
> dput(dat)
structure(list(a = c(142.8163942, 143.5711365, 145.3485827, 142.0577145,
139.4326176, 140.1236581, 138.6560282, 136.405036, 133.9337229,
133.8785538, 132.0608441, 130.0866307, 120.1320237, 119.6368882,
114.3312943, 117.5084111, 114.4960017, 112.9124518, 112.8185478,
112.3047916, 106.632639, 106.2107158, 106.8455028, 106.3879556,
104.3451786, 102.9085952, 101.0967783, 101.7858278, 101.0749044,
102.6441976, 102.0666152, 100, 97.14084104, 97.49972913, 96.91453836,
96.05132443, 94.98057971, 92.78373451, 92.67526281, 91.82430571,
91.4153859, 89.51740671, 89.01587176, 84.62259911, 91.48598494,
89.12053042, 90.02364352, 90.92496121, 89.42963565, 91.93886583,
88.83918306, 90.39513509, 87.54571761, 91.3386451, 87.7836994,
91.79178376, 87.56903138, 87.77875755, 89.29938784), b = c(17703.7,
17599.8, 17328.2, 17044, 17078.3, 16872.3, 16619.2, 16502.4,
16332.5, 16268.9, 16094.7, 15956.5, 15785.3, 15587.1, 15460.9,
15238.4, 15230.2, 15057.7, 14888.6, 14681.1, 14566.5, 14384.1,
14340.4, 14383.9, 14549.9, 14843, 14813, 14668.4, 14685.3, 14569.7,
14422.3, 14233.2, 14066.4, 13908.5, 13799.8, 13648.9, 13381.6,
13205.4, 12974.1, 12813.7, 12562.2, 12367.7, 12181.4, 11988.4,
11816.8, 11625.1, 11370.7, 11230.1, 11103.8, 11037.1, 10934.8,
10834.4, 10701.3, 10639.5, 10638.4, 10508.1, 10472.3, 10357.4,
10278.3), c = c(2160.080078, 2203.939941, 2500.850098, 2523.820068,
2546.54, 2528.449951, 2223.97998, 2352.01001, 2401.21, 2089.73999,
1975.349976, 2159.060059, 1891.68, 1947.849976, 2766.72998, 2882.179932,
2947.24, 2541.629883, 2278.800049, 2634, 2495.56, 2637.280029,
2098.649902, 1696.619995, 1750.83, 2767.76001, 3943.149902, 3765.909912,
4512.98, 4527.299805, 4869.259766, 4645.5, 4463.47, 3868.27002,
3745.719971, 4139.830078, 3667.03, 3457.449951, 3049.909912,
2632.899902, 2431.38, 2042.869995, 1989.400024, 1866.76001, 1545.15,
1351.890015, 1305.709961, 1163.109985, 1150.05, 1070.209961,
1243.069946, 1289.16, 1140.36, 1084.069946, 1206.819946, 1186.540039,
1073.3, 1161.160034, 1129.579956), d = c(363.81, 361.19, 362.35,
359.09, 359.31, 355.8, 356.64, 353.83, 353.49, 348.92, 348.8,
344.85, 343.48, 340.75, 341.1, 335.72, 331.29, 328.21, 328.95,
325.92, 324.83, 322.83, 323.18, 321.66, 322.94, 323.14, 322.89,
318.34, 315.85, 311.61, 311.3, 308.34, 306.1, 305.64, 305.58,
302.91, 301.64, 300.24, 299.54, 298.58, 296.4, 293.87, 293.35,
291.61, 289.43, 288.03, 287.69, 287.6, 285.95, 284.8, 284.63,
282.62, 281.24, 280, 280.09, 277.65, 275.73, 273.12, 272.78),
e = c(109.1, 109.1, 108.8, 108.2, 107.6, 107.2, 107.3, 106.7,
106.4, 106, 105.9, 104.9, 103.8, 103.5, 103, 102.3, 101.3,
100.5, 99.6, 98.6, 97.43314, 96.68301, 95.84954, 95.18276,
94.76602, 94.01589, 92.84903, 91.18208, 89.76517, 89.18174,
88.51496, 87.76484, 86.68132, 85.93119, 85.18107, 84.51429,
83.76416, 83.43077, 83.26407, 82.93068, 82.46215, 82.14979,
81.83744, 81.05654, 80.43183, 80.35374, 80.27565, 79.9633,
79.72903, 79.57285, 79.57285, 79.26049, 79.02623, 79.10432,
79.02623, 78.71387, 78.4796, 78.24534, 77.93298), f = c(132.2,
133.9, 133.5, 126, 125, 122.6, 122.6, 123.8, 124.5, 120.2,
120.2, 123.5, 105.2, 116.4, 111.5, 116.4, 116.1, 114.3, 117,
117.9, 107.1, 104.5, 110.6, 110.5, 104.2, 105.4, 106.2, 110.3,
106.8, 111.4, 111.2, 108.5, 93.5, 101.5, 101.4, 101.3, 101.7,
96.8, 97.3, 100, 97.5, 99.4, 94.8, 93.8, 101.9, 97.4, 97.7,
98.4, 100.6, 100.1, 96.3, 98.1, 93.4, 99.3, 97.3, 99.6, 99.2,
97.8, 100.1), g = c(149.8, 151.9, 153.2, 150.7, 146.5, 151.5,
149.2, 147.3, 143.6, 144.8, 143.6, 143.7, 134.1, 129.7, 124.3,
127.5, 123.7, 122.2, 123.1, 123.8, 117.1, 118.6, 116.4, 118.4,
116.4, 114.6, 111.9, 112.2, 114.5, 114.6, 113.4, 111.3, 112.8,
110.1, 110.8, 109.5, 108.8, 106.1, 107.1, 106.1, 107, 102.1,
103, 94.5, 107.2, 102.5, 103.9, 105.1, 101.7, 107.8, 102.4,
104.8, 103.6, 107.6, 99.5, 107.4, 97.8, 98.4, 100.8), h = c(112.6,
112.7, 113.6, 110.7, 113.4, 127.1, 130.1, 135.7, 123.7, 123.2,
123, 125.5, 113.5, 120.2, 123.3, 128, 128.2, 124.6, 124,
125.8, 122.2, 124.8, 116.6, 120.4, 115.9, 120.6, 124, 120.6,
119, 120.1, 111.6, 114, 110.2, 111.6, 104.5, 107.9, 100.4,
104.7, 105, 106.9, 105.1, 105.8, 97.3, 96.6, 99.1, 101.1,
102.5, 105.2, 103, 101, 102.7, 100.5, 107.4, 110.1, 101.3,
105.7, 100.3, 104.1, 98.4), i = c(0.000887705, 0.007954085,
-0.025859667, 0.024097552, 0.114052787, 0.023329207, 0.042143181,
-0.092587287, -0.004050228, -0.001624696, 0.020121403, -0.100502922,
0.057354185, 0.025463388, 0.037409854, 0.001561281, -0.028482938,
-0.004827041, 0.014411779, -0.029034298, 0.021053409, -0.067963182,
0.032070259, -0.038091783, 0.039751534, 0.027802281, -0.027802281,
-0.013355791, 0.009201236, -0.073403679, 0.021277398, -0.033901552,
0.012624153, -0.065733979, 0.032017801, -0.072042665, 0.041936911,
0.002861232, 0.017933468, -0.01698154, 0.006638242, -0.08375153,
-0.007220248, 0.0255507, 0.019980685, 0.013752673, 0.026000502,
-0.021134312, -0.019608471, 0.0166916, -0.021654389, 0.066402455,
0.024828862, -0.083302632, 0.042518482, -0.052439198, 0.037186281,
-0.056311172, -0.012270093), j = c(0, -0.007558004, -0.015289567,
0, 0, -0.009609384, -0.019500305, 0, 0, -0.012458015, -0.025391532,
-0.000983501, 0, -0.00165265, -0.003313516, 0.000204576,
0, -0.004898564, -0.009869709, 0, 0, -0.010574012, -0.021489482,
0, 0, -0.011534651, -0.023476287, 0, 0, -0.00814845, -0.016498838,
0, 0, -0.0099856, -0.020275409, -0.002818337, 0, -0.007212389,
-0.014582736, 0, 0, -0.004121565, -0.008294445, 0, 0, -0.010766386,
-0.021886884, 0, 0, -0.010179741, -0.02067574, 0, 0, -0.011797067,
-0.024020039, -0.002017983, -0.007343864, -0.007398196, -0.014962644
), k = c(0.012777325, -0.002991775, -0.057819571, -0.00796817,
-0.019386714, 0, 0.009740337, 0.005638356, -0.035148694,
0, 0.027084134, -0.160377856, 0.101169235, -0.043007944,
0.043007944, -0.002580647, -0.015625318, 0.023347364, 0.007662873,
-0.09607383, -0.024575906, 0.056733018, -0.000904568, -0.058703392,
0.011450507, 0.007561473, 0.037879817, -0.032246, 0.042169401,
-0.001796946, -0.024580209, -0.148788737, 0.082097362, -0.000985707,
-0.00098668, 0.003940892, -0.049380309, 0.005151995, 0.027371197,
-0.025317808, 0.019299736, -0.047382704, -0.010604553, 0.082827084,
-0.04516573, 0.003075348, 0.007139245, 0.022111454, -0.004982571,
-0.038701368, 0.018519048, -0.049096021, 0.061254226, -0.020346582,
0.023363175, -0.00402415, -0.014213437, 0.023245109, 0.027587957
)), .Names = c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i",
"j", "k"), row.names = c(NA, -59L), class = "data.frame")
>
> # converted to time series object
> ts <- ts(dat, start=c(2000, 2), end=c(2014, 4), frequency=4)
>
> # Exponential Smoothing
> #######################
> fit <- HoltWinters(ts)
>
> # predict next three future values
> fc <- forecast(fit, 3)
Warning messages:
1: In sqrt(sapply(1L:n.ahead, vars)) : NaNs produced
2: In cbind(fit = fit, upr = if (prediction.interval) fit + int, lwr = if (prediction.interval) fit - :
number of rows of result is not a multiple of vector length (arg 1)
> (fc)
Point Forecast Lo 80 Hi 80 Lo 95 Hi 95
2162 Q3 1.035663 2.0279344 4.339088e-02 2.5532113 -0.4818861
2162 Q4 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2163 Q1 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2163 Q2 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2163 Q3 1.369902 0.3964019 2.343402e+00 -0.1189380 2.8587424
2163 Q4 -2.293179 0.4764679 -5.062826e+00 1.9426305 -6.5289887
2164 Q1 1.035663 2.1153105 -4.398523e-02 2.6868416 -0.6155163
2164 Q2 1.369902 0.5702614 2.169543e+00 0.1469572 2.5928472
2164 Q3 -2.293179 0.5075722 -5.093930e+00 1.9902003 -6.5765585
2164 Q4 1.035663 2.3404760 -2.691508e-01 3.0312025 -0.9598772
2165 Q1 1.369902 0.6740083 2.065796e+00 0.3056244 2.4341800
2165 Q2 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2165 Q3 1.035663 534.1230685 -5.320517e+02 816.3224948 -814.2511696
2165 Q4 1.369902 275.4577273 -2.727179e+02 420.5510575 -417.8112532
2166 Q1 -2.293179 36.2907545 -4.087711e+01 56.7158551 -61.3022133
2166 Q2 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2166 Q3 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2166 Q4 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2167 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2167 Q2 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2167 Q3 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2167 Q4 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2168 Q1 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2168 Q2 -2.293179 275.2906075 -2.798770e+02 422.2345880 -426.8209461
2168 Q3 1.035663 289.0380351 -2.869667e+02 441.4972817 -439.4259564
2168 Q4 1.369902 19.7729261 -1.703312e+01 29.5148985 -26.7750941
2169 Q1 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2169 Q2 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2169 Q3 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2169 Q4 -2.293179 7.7255052 -1.231186e+01 13.0290763 -17.6154345
2170 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2170 Q2 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2170 Q3 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2170 Q4 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2171 Q1 1.369902 36.4578743 -3.371807e+01 55.0323247 -52.2925203
2171 Q2 -2.293179 19.6058063 -2.419216e+01 31.1984289 -35.7847871
2171 Q3 1.035663 4.0175577 -1.946232e+00 5.5960776 -3.5247523
2171 Q4 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2172 Q1 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2172 Q2 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2172 Q3 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2172 Q4 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2173 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2173 Q2 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2173 Q3 -2.293179 0.2292821 -4.815640e+00 1.5645924 -6.1509506
2173 Q4 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2174 Q1 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2174 Q2 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2174 Q3 1.035663 3.2475589 -1.176234e+00 4.4184661 -2.3471408
2174 Q4 1.369902 1.6773878 1.062417e+00 1.8401608 0.8996435
2175 Q1 -2.293179 0.4857532 -5.072111e+00 1.9568311 -6.5431893
2175 Q2 1.035663 3.4984352 -1.427110e+00 4.8021483 -2.7308230
2175 Q3 1.369902 2.4454550 2.943494e-01 3.0148183 -0.2750139
2175 Q4 -2.293179 2.2791427 -6.865501e+00 4.6995836 -9.2859418
2176 Q1 1.035663 4.1105874 -2.039262e+00 5.7383542 -3.6670289
2176 Q2 1.369902 0.6435877 2.096217e+00 0.2591001 2.4807043
2176 Q3 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2176 Q4 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2177 Q1 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2177 Q2 -2.293179 1.5102680 -6.096626e+00 3.5236913 -8.1100495
2177 Q3 1.035663 3.6965071 -1.625182e+00 5.1050730 -3.0337478
2177 Q4 1.369902 0.8681394 1.871665e+00 0.6025222 2.1372822
2178 Q1 -2.293179 1.8254258 -6.411784e+00 4.0056835 -8.5920417
2178 Q2 1.035663 4.3755533 -2.304228e+00 6.1435847 -4.0722594
2178 Q3 1.369902 2.7123815 2.742291e-02 3.4230471 -0.6832427
2178 Q4 -2.293179 2.5440277 -7.130386e+00 5.1046903 -9.6910485
2179 Q1 1.035663 2.1153105 -4.398523e-02 2.6868416 -0.6155163
2179 Q2 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2179 Q3 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2179 Q4 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2180 Q1 1.369902 0.6528730 2.086931e+00 0.2733006 2.4665037
2180 Q2 -2.293179 0.7010196 -5.287378e+00 2.2860527 -6.8724108
2180 Q3 1.035663 2.3417869 -2.704616e-01 3.0332072 -0.9618820
2180 Q4 1.369902 0.8366770 1.903127e+00 0.5544046 2.1853998
2181 Q1 -2.293179 1.0238935 -5.610252e+00 2.7798456 -7.3662038
2181 Q2 1.035663 2.8567227 -7.853975e-01 3.8207337 -1.7494084
2181 Q3 1.369902 1.1909803 1.548824e+00 1.0962648 1.6435396
2181 Q4 -2.293179 0.4031416 -4.989500e+00 1.8304876 -6.4168458
2182 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2182 Q2 1.369902 7.8926250 -5.152821e+00 11.3455459 -8.6057415
2182 Q3 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2182 Q4 1.035663 3.4984352 -1.427110e+00 4.8021483 -2.7308230
2183 Q1 1.369902 1.9925455 7.472588e-01 2.3221530 0.4176513
2183 Q2 -2.293179 0.6695572 -5.255915e+00 2.2379350 -6.8242932
2183 Q3 1.035663 4.0466399 -1.975315e+00 5.6405550 -3.5692298
2183 Q4 1.369902 2.7454185 -5.614095e-03 3.4735728 -0.7337684
2184 Q1 -2.293179 2.5804905 -7.166849e+00 5.1604554 -9.7468135
2184 Q2 1.035663 4.4118169 -2.340492e+00 6.1990450 -4.1277197
2184 Q3 1.369902 0.6746919 2.065112e+00 0.3066699 2.4331345
2184 Q4 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2185 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2185 Q2 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2185 Q3 -2.293179 2.2783352 -6.864693e+00 4.6983487 -9.2847069
2185 Q4 1.035663 4.3755533 -2.304228e+00 6.1435847 -4.0722594
2186 Q1 1.369902 1.1910132 1.548791e+00 1.0963152 1.6434892
2186 Q2 -2.293179 2.5782987 -7.164657e+00 5.1571032 -9.7434614
2186 Q3 1.035663 5.6968582 -3.625533e+00 8.1643461 -6.0930208
2186 Q4 1.369902 4.0332547 -1.293450e+00 5.4431484 -2.7033440
2187 Q1 -2.293179 3.8664354 -8.452794e+00 7.1271383 -11.7134965
2187 Q2 1.035663 2.3404760 -2.691508e-01 3.0312025 -0.9598772
2187 Q3 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2187 Q4 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2188 Q1 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2188 Q2 1.369902 2.4462624 2.935419e-01 3.0160531 -0.2762488
2188 Q3 -2.293179 2.5452617 -7.131620e+00 5.1065775 -9.6929357
2188 Q4 1.035663 2.8567227 -7.853975e-01 3.8207337 -1.7494084
2189 Q1 1.369902 2.7476103 -7.805928e-03 3.4769249 -0.7371205
2189 Q2 -2.293179 3.8661349 -8.452493e+00 7.1266788 -11.7130370
2189 Q3 1.035663 5.6985089 -3.627184e+00 8.1668706 -6.0955454
2189 Q4 1.369902 4.0343828 -1.294578e+00 5.4448736 -2.7050692
2190 Q1 -2.293179 0.5068886 -5.093247e+00 1.9891548 -6.5755130
2190 Q2 1.035663 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2190 Q3 1.369902 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2190 Q4 -2.293179 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2191 Q1 1.035663 4.1105874 -2.039262e+00 5.7383542 -3.6670289
2191 Q2 1.369902 2.7111475 2.865690e-02 3.4211598 -0.6813555
2191 Q3 -2.293179 1.0238605 -5.610219e+00 2.7797953 -7.3661534
2191 Q4 1.035663 4.4118169 -2.340492e+00 6.1990450 -4.1277197
2192 Q1 1.369902 4.0335552 -1.293751e+00 5.4436079 -2.7038035
2192 Q2 -2.293179 3.8672630 -8.453621e+00 7.1284040 -11.7147622
2192 Q3 1.035663 5.6991175 -3.627792e+00 8.1678013 -6.0964760
正如你所看到的，我的时间序列对象没有正确地反映在预测中。
我猜我对ts对象的定义是错误的。然而，有没有建议如何定义一个时间序列，即quaterly从Q2 2000开始，直到Q4 2014 ?
感谢您的回复!
由于您的输入数据由8列('a'到'h')组成，您正试图在8个时间序列的矩阵上应用holtwints算法。我不认为holtwints可以同时处理多个时间序列，所以它试图将它们端到端结合起来。这就是为什么你会得到一个持续到2162年的预测。
如果你的第一行代码是:ts <- ts(dat$a, .....
然后处理'a'列，它没有返回错误。