C语言 由 malloc() 函数分配的内存寿命



如果我向函数传递一个指针,其中指针获取分配给的内存的地址,那么当函数退出时,内存是否释放?

void initWomenList(Women **head, Women *headWoman) {        
  headWoman = (Women *) malloc(sizeof(Women));
  if (headWoman == NULL) {
      printf("Allocation of headWoman failedn");
      exit(1);
  }
  headWoman->userWoman = NULL;
  headWoman->next = NULL;
  head = &headWoman;
}

当函数返回时,头和头女人都为空吗?

C 语言中没有自动内存释放(有时称为垃圾回收器)。分配了malloc/calloc/realloc的任何内存都必须使用free函数手动释放。

C 语言中的所有函数参数都是按值传递的,因此在函数内部分配headWomen在函数外部不起作用,并且当前您有内存泄漏,因为没有指针保存分配的内存

void
alloc_mem(int* a) {
    a = malloc(sizeof(*a));
}
//usage in your case
int* a;
//Function will allocate memory for single int, but it won't be saved to variable a.
alloc_mem(a);

更好的方法是使用指针到指针或从函数返回指针

int*
alloc_mem() {
    return malloc(sizeof(int));
}
//usage
int* a = alloc_mem();
if (a != NULL) {
    //Check if null
}

或者使用指针到指针的方法

void
alloc_mem(int** a) {
    *a = malloc(sizeof(**a));
}
//usage
int* a;
alloc_mem(&a);
if (a != NULL) {
    //Do the job.
}

在所有这些操作结束时,始终调用free函数

free(a);

如果我回到你最初的例子,你必须将函数重写成这样的东西:

void 
//Notice here **headWoman instead of *headWoman
initWomenList(Women **head, Women **headWoman) {  
  //Notice here *headWoman instead of headWoman      
  *headWoman = malloc(sizeof(Women));
  if (headWoman == NULL) {
      printf("Allocation of headWoman failedn");
      exit(1);
  }
  headWoman->userWoman = NULL;
  headWoman->next = NULL;
  //Notice here *head instead of head
  *head = &headWoman;
}

和用法:

Woman* headWoman;
Woman* head;
initWomenList(&head, &headWoman);
//Don't forget to free memory after usage.

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