异常处理和“Getopt::Long”

Question

为什么当我传递无效的文件名时，这个脚本继续运行而不是死亡？

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use warnings;
use 5.12.0;
use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptions :config bundling);
sub help {
    say "no help text";
}
sub read_config {
    my $file = shift;
    open my $fh, '<', $file or die $!;
    say <$fh>;
    close $fh;
}
sub helpers_dispatch_table {
    return {
        'h_help'                => &help,
        'r_read'                => &read_config,
    };
}
my $file_conf = 'does_not_exist.txt';
my $helpers = helpers_dispatch_table();
GetOptions (
    'h|help'            => sub { $helpers->{h_help}(); exit; },
    'r|read'            => sub { $helpers->{r_read}( $file_conf ); exit },
);
say "Hello, World!n" x 5;

Answer 1

来自 perldoc Getopt：：Long

   A trivial application of this mechanism is to implement options that are related to each other. For example:
       my $verbose = '';   # option variable with default value (false)
       GetOptions ('verbose' => $verbose,
                   'quiet'   => sub { $verbose = 0 });
   Here "--verbose" and "--quiet" control the same variable $verbose, but with opposite values.
   If the subroutine needs to signal an error, it should call die() with the desired error message as its argument. GetOptions() will catch the die(),
   issue the error message, and record that an error result must be returned upon completion.

Answer 2

该问题源于您尝试混合两个任务，以及未检查 GetOptions 是否发现任何错误。

实际上，修复

任一错误都可以解决您的问题，但以下是修复这两个错误的方法：

sub help {
   # Show usage
   exit(0);
}
sub usage {
   my $tool = basename($0);
   print(STDERR "$_[0]n") if @_;
   print(STDERR "Usage: $tool [OPTIONS] FILE ...n");
   print(STDERR "Try `$tool --help' for more information.n");
   exit(1);
}
my $opt_read;
GetOptions (
    'h|help' => &help,
    'r|read' => $opt_read,
) or usage("Invalid arguments");
my $config = read_config($opt_read);