从字符串中读取 Bunch()



>我在报告文件中有以下字符串:

"Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"

我想把它变成一个Bunch()对象或一个dict,这样我就可以访问里面的信息(通过my_var.conditionsmy_var["conditions"])。

这非常适合eval()

eval("Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])")

但是我想避免使用它。

我尝试编写几个字符串替换,以便将其转换为字典语法,然后用json.loads()解析它,但这看起来非常非常黑客,并且一旦我在将来的字符串中遇到任何新字段就会中断; 例如:

"{"+"Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"[1:-1]+"}".replace("conditions=","'conditions':")

你明白了。

你知道是否有更好的方法来解析它吗?

此 pyparseing 代码将为 Bunch 声明定义一个解析表达式。

from pyparsing import (pyparsing_common, Suppress, Keyword, Forward, quotedString, 
    Group, delimitedList, Dict, removeQuotes, ParseResults)
# define pyparsing parser for the Bunch declaration
LBRACK,RBRACK,LPAR,RPAR,EQ = map(Suppress, "[]()=")
integer = pyparsing_common.integer
real = pyparsing_common.real
ident = pyparsing_common.identifier
# define a recursive expression for nested lists
listExpr = Forward()
listItem = real | integer | quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes) | Group(listExpr)
listExpr << LBRACK + delimitedList(listItem) + RBRACK
# define an expression for the Bunch declaration
BUNCH = Keyword("Bunch")
arg_defn = Group(ident + EQ + listItem)
bunch_decl = BUNCH + LPAR + Dict(delimitedList(arg_defn))("args") + RPAR

下面是针对示例输入运行的解析器:

# run the sample input as a test
sample = """Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'],
                  durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]],
                  onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"""
bb = bunch_decl.parseString(sample)
# print the parsed output as-is
print(bb)

给:

['Bunch', [['conditions', ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6']], 
    ['durations', [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]]], 
    ['onsets', [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]]]]]
使用 pyparsing,

您还可以添加解析时回调,以便 pyparsing 将为您执行 tokens->Bunch 转换:

# define a simple placeholder class for Bunch
class Bunch(object):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Bunch:(%s)" % ', '.join("%r: %s" % item for item in vars(self).items())
# add this as a parse action, and pyparsing will autoconvert the parsed data to a Bunch
bunch_decl.addParseAction(lambda t: Bunch(**t.args.asDict()))

现在解析器将为您提供一个实际的 Bunch 实例:

[Bunch:('durations': [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], 
        'conditions': ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], 
        'onsets': [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])]

这是我丑陋的代码段,请检查:

import re
import json
l = "Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"
exec('{}="{}"'.format(l[:5],l[6:-1]))
sb = re.split("=| [a-zA-Z]", Bunch)
temp = ['"{}"'.format(x) if x.isalpha() else x for x in sb ]
temp2 = ','.join(temp)
temp3 = temp2.replace('",[', '":[')
temp4 = temp3.replace(',,', ',')
temp5 = temp4.replace("'", '"')
temp6 = """{%s}""" %(temp5)
rslt = json.loads(temp6)

最终,输出:

rslt
Out[12]: 
{'urations': [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]],
 'conditions': ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'],
 'nsets': [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]]}
rslt["conditions"]
Out[13]: ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6']

一般来说,我认为re是你需要的软件包,但由于我使用它的经验有限,我可以在这里很好地应用它。希望其他人能给出更优雅的解决方案。

仅供参考,您说您可以轻松地使用eval来获得您想要的东西,但是当我尝试使用它时,我得到了TypeError: 'str' object is not callable。 您使用的是哪个 Python 版本?(我在 Python27 和 Python33 上试过了,它们都无法工作)

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