在二进制搜索树中实现延迟删除时会发生什么变化



好吧,我已经研究了好几天了,每次我想我已经把它写下来了,我就开始写代码,我已经到了一个地步,我就是不知道该怎么做。

该树不是递归的,所以我可以真正跟踪所有内容,直到我开始尝试修改它,使其使用惰性删除而不是真正的删除。(现在它清空了它删除的节点)

我设法弄清楚了:

  • 我在节点类中添加了一个标志,将它们设置为已删除
  • 我已经实现了一个有效的搜索方法,它甚至可以注册我的节点是否被删除(懒惰地)
  • 我知道树类的其余部分应该将标记为已删除的节点处理为不存在

我不知道的是:

  1. 我看了很多资源,有人说你只需要设置节点的deleted标志设置为true。这是否意味着我不必担心他们的标志设置后的链接吗
  2. 这样做是否很肤浅?与中一样,如果将标志设置为删除,即使方法确实找到了什么,也不要让方法报告找到了什么
  3. 我应该用什么方法更改为使用延迟删除?只使用delete()方法
  4. 如果我只更改删除方法,其他方法是如何处理的
  5. 搜索方法看起来不错吗

这是其余的代码,这样你就可以看到我在使用什么了。我真的很沮丧,因为我真的知道如何完全删除节点,比这个愚蠢的懒惰删除实现要好得多。这是他们在书中教的!lol

请帮忙…:(


搜索方法

下面是我的搜索方法:

public String search(E data){
    Node<E> current = root;
    String result = "";
    while(current != null){
        if(data.compareTo(current.e) < 0){
            current = current.left;
        }
        else if (data.compareTo(current.e) > 0){
            current = current.right;
        }
        else{
            if (current.isDeleted == false){
                return result += "Found node with matching data that is not deleted!";
            }
            else{
                return result += "Found deleted data, not usable, continuing searchn";
            }
        }
    }
    return result += "Did not find non-deleted matching node!";
}

树类

树代码(真正的删除方法在最后被注释掉了,所以我可以用延迟删除来代替它):

将mybinary打包为三个示例;

公共类MyBinaryTree>{

private Node<E> root = null;
public class Node<E> {
    public boolean isDeleted = false;
    public E e = null;
    public Node<E> left = null;
    public Node<E> right = null;
}
public boolean insert(E e) {
    // if empty tree, insert a new node as the root node
    // and assign the elementy to it
    if (root == null) {
        root = new Node();
        root.e = e;
        return true;
    }
    // otherwise, binary search until a null child pointer 
    // is found
    Node<E> parent = null;
    Node<E> child = root;
    while (child != null) {
        if (e.compareTo(child.e) < 0) {
            parent = child;
            child = child.left;
        } else if (e.compareTo(child.e) > 0) {
            parent = child;
            child = child.right;
        } else {
            if(child.isDeleted){
                child.isDeleted = false;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
    // if e < parent.e create a new node, link it to 
    // the binary tree and assign the element to it
    if (e.compareTo(parent.e) < 0) {
        parent.left = new Node();
        parent.left.e = e;
    } else {
        parent.right = new Node();
        parent.right.e = e;
    }
    return true;
}
public void inorder() {
    System.out.print("inorder:   ");
    inorder(root);
    System.out.println();
}
private void inorder(Node<E> current) {
    if (current != null) {
        inorder(current.left);
        System.out.printf("%3s", current.e);
        inorder(current.right);
    }
}
public void preorder() {
    System.out.print("preorder:  ");
    preorder(root);
    System.out.println();
}
private void preorder(Node<E> current) {
    if (current != null) {
        System.out.printf("%3s", current.e);
        preorder(current.left);
        preorder(current.right);
    }
}
public void postorder() {
    System.out.print("postorder: ");
    postorder(root);
    System.out.println();
}
private void postorder(Node<E> current) {
    if (current != null) {
        postorder(current.left);
        postorder(current.right);
        System.out.printf("%3s", current.e);
    }
}
public String search(E data){
    Node<E> current = root;
    String result = "";
    while(current != null){
        if(data.compareTo(current.e) < 0){
            current = current.left;
        }
        else if (data.compareTo(current.e) > 0){
            current = current.right;
        }
        else{
            if (current.isDeleted == false){
                return result += "Found node with matching data that is not deleted!";
            }
            else{
                return result += "Found deleted data, not usable, continuing searchn";
            }
        }
    }
    return result += "Did not find non-deleted matching node!";
}
public boolean delete(E e) {

}

// an iterator allows elements to be modified, but can mess with
// the order if element not written with immutable key; it is better
// to use delete to remove and delete/insert to remove or replace a
// node
public java.util.Iterator<E> iterator() {
    return new PreorderIterator();
}
private class PreorderIterator implements java.util.Iterator<E> {
    private java.util.LinkedList<E> ll = new java.util.LinkedList();
    private java.util.Iterator<E> pit= null;
    // create a LinkedList object that uses a linked list of nodes that
    // contain references to the elements of the nodes of the binary tree 
    // in preorder
    public PreorderIterator() {
        buildListInPreorder(root);
        pit = ll.iterator();
    }
    private void buildListInPreorder(Node<E> current) {
        if (current != null) {
            ll.add(current.e);
            buildListInPreorder(current.left);
            buildListInPreorder(current.right);
        }
    }
    // check to see if their is another node in the LinkedList
    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return pit.hasNext();
    }
    // reference the next node in the LinkedList and return a 
    // reference to the element in the node of the binary tree
    @Override
    public E next() {
        return pit.next();
    }
    @Override
    public void remove() { 
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("NO!");
    }
}
}

// binary search until found or not in list
//        boolean found = false;
//        Node<E> parent = null;
//        Node<E> child = root;
//        
//        while (child != null) {
//            if (e.compareTo(child.e) < 0) {
//                parent = child;
//                child = child.left;
//            } else if (e.compareTo(child.e) > 0) {
//                parent = child;
//                child = child.right;
//            } else {
//                found = true;
//                break;
//            }
//        }        
//        
//        
//        if (found) {
//            // if root only is the only node, set root to null
//            if (child == root && root.left == null && root.right == null)
//                root = null;
//            // if leaf, remove
//            else if (child.left == null && child.right == null) {
//                if (parent.left == child)
//                    parent.left = null;
//                else 
//                    parent.right = null;
//            } else
//                // if the found node is not a leaf
//                // and the found node only has a right child, 
//                // connect the parent of the found node (the one 
//                // to be deleted) to the right child of the 
//                // found node 
//                if (child.left == null) {
//                    if (parent.left == child)
//                        parent.left = child.right;
//                    else 
//                        parent.right = child.right;
//            } else {
//                // if the found node has a left child,
//                // the node in the left subtree with the largest element 
//                // (i. e. the right most node in the left subtree) 
//                // takes the place of the node to be deleted
//                Node<E> parentLargest = child;
//                Node<E> largest = child.left;
//                while (largest.right != null) {
//                    parentLargest = largest;
//                    largest = largest.right;
//                }
//                
//                // replace the lement in the found node with the element in
//                // the right most node of the left subtree
//                child.e = largest.e;
//                
//                // if the parent of the node of the largest element in the 
//                // left subtree is the found node, set the left pointer of the
//                // found node to point to left child of its left child
//                if (parentLargest == child)
//                    child.left = largest.left;
//                else 
//                    // otherwise, set the right child pointer of the parent of 
//                    // largest element in the left subtreeto point to the left
//                    // subtree of the node of the largest element in the left 
//                    // subtree
//                    parentLargest.right = largest.left;
//            }
//            
//        } // end if found
//        
//        return found;

改变的是,您的树只根据实际使用的空间而增长,而从不收缩。如果您选择列表作为实现树的数据结构,而不是通常的构造Node E {V value; E right; E; left},那么这将非常有用。我稍后再谈。

我看了很多资源,有人说你只需要设置节点的deleted标志设置为true。这是否意味着我不必担心他们的标志设置后的链接吗?

是的,如果你所说的链接是指node.left,node.right。Delete只是简单地标记为已删除,仅此而已。它不会改变任何其他内容,也不应该改变,因为即使x或y标记为删除,x.CompareTo(y)也必须仍然工作

这样做是否很肤浅?就像在一样,只是不要如果将标志设置为删除,即使方法确实找到了什么?

根据这个方法的定义,"something"是指没有删除标志的节点。对于树的用户来说,任何带有deleted标志的内容都是"nothing"。

我应该更改什么方法来使用延迟删除?只有delete()方法

当然不是。您自己已经更改了搜索方法。让我们乘坐isEmpty()。您应该保留一个已删除节点的计数器和一个总节点。如果它们相等,则树为空。否则树就不是了。

你的算法有个小错误。当您插入并发现您降落在已删除的节点上时,您只需取消标记该节点。您还必须设置节点的值。毕竟,compareTo并不能保证所有字段都严格相等,只是保证对象是等价的。

 if(child.isDeleted){
      child.isDeleted = false;
      child.e = e; <---- missing
      return true;
 }

可能还有其他人。

旁注:
如前所述,此方法有用的一个实例是由列表(比如数组列表)支持的树。利用该方法,位于位置i的元素的子元素位于位置2*i+12*i+2。通常,当删除带有子节点的节点p时,会将该节点替换为右子树的最左边节点q(或左子树中的最右边节点)。在这里,您可以将p标记为已删除,并交换已删除节点和最左边节点的值您的数组在内存中保持完整

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