Appium+Android+WebDriver findElement():在sendKeys()之后找不到元素

Question

我有一个模拟的Android设备和Appium。我的测试成功地启动了正确的"活动"，并在特定的文本字段中键入。但是，当我试图找到相同的文本字段来检查其中的文本时，我会得到"An element could not be located on the page using the given search parameters."。即使我试图重复使用该元素而不是第二次搜索它，它仍然会以相同的消息失败。我应该采取什么不同的做法？也许第二个findElement()的上下文是错误的——我也找不到文本字段旁边的按钮。

这里有一个git repo，它包含一个应用程序和一个测试项目。失败的JUnit测试证明了这个问题：https://github.com/achengs/an-appium-question

以下详细信息（代码和Appium日志交错）

这是第一个成功的findElement。"活动"的布局xml文件具有我要查找的文本字段的以下属性：android:id="@+id/edit_message"

public static final String MESSAGE_TO_SEND = "edit_message";
...
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.id(MESSAGE_TO_SEND));

第一个findElement成功：

debug: Appium request initiated at /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element
debug: Request received with params: {"using":"id","value":"edit_message"}
info: Pushing command to appium work queue: ["find",{"strategy":"id","selector":"edit_message","context":"","multiple":false}]
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"edit_message","context":"","multiple":false}}
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got command of type ACTION
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: find
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Finding edit_message using ID with the contextId: 
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Returning result: {"value":{"ELEMENT":"1"},"status":0}
info: Responding to client with success: {"status":0,"value":{"ELEMENT":"1"},"sessionId":"0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07"}
POST /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element 200 5656ms - 109b

打招呼！

String text = "hello!";
e.sendKeys(text);

成功：

debug: Appium request initiated at /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element/1/value
debug: Request received with params: {"id":"1","value":["hello!"]}
info: Pushing command to appium work queue: ["element:setText",{"elementId":"1","text":"hello!"}]
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:setText","params":{"elementId":"1","text":"hello!"}}
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got command of type ACTION
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: setText
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Returning result: {"value":true,"status":0}
info: Responding to client with success: {"status":0,"value":true,"sessionId":"0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07"}
POST /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element/1/value 200 4215ms - 89b

这是第二个失败的findElement。（如果我跳过这个findElement并重新使用原来的findElement，或者如果我试图在文本字段旁边找到Send按钮，我仍然会遇到类似的失败）

WebElement f = driver.findElement(By.id(MESSAGE_TO_SEND));

以下是故障日志：

debug: Appium request initiated at /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element
debug: Request received with params: {"using":"id","value":"edit_message"}
info: Pushing command to appium work queue: ["find",{"strategy":"id","selector":"edit_message","context":"","multiple":false}]
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"edit_message","context":"","multiple":false}}
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Got command of type ACTION
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: find
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Finding edit_message using ID with the contextId: 
info: [BOOTSTRAP] [info] Returning result: {"value":"No element found","status":7}
info: Responding to client with error: {"status":7,"value":{"message":"An element could not be located on the page using the given search parameters.","origValue":"No element found"},"sessionId":"0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07"}
POST /wd/hub/session/0ec259be-87e0-47f6-9279-da577fe29a07/element 500 874ms - 223b

有一个HTML请求。我正在测试一个原生的Android应用程序。以下是当前测试中的"活动"的布局xml。如果这里还有其他内容，请告诉我。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText android:id="@+id/edit_message"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:hint="@string/edit_message" />
<Button
   android:layout_width="wrap_content"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   android:text="@string/button_send"
   android:onClick="sendMessage" android:id="@+id/send"/>
</LinearLayout>

Answer 1

使用的ID不应为"edit_message"，而应为"com.company.app:id/edit_message"。

基本上，如果您的layout.xml文件使用android:id="@+id/foo"为UI元素指定了一个ID（并且您的应用程序是com.company.app），那么在测试中您应该使用"com.company.app:id/foo"，而不仅仅是"foo"。

只使用"foo"可以找到UI元素，但在与它进行一次交互后，您将无法在UI中找到任何内容。不知道为什么会这样，但它混淆了问题。

Answer 2

您应该尝试sdk附带的android检查器。它不仅可以提供树中确切元素的id，还可以提供许多其他细节。它没有xPath，所以你可能仍然需要使用appium检查器，这取决于你想做什么

./path-to-sdk/android-sdk-macosx/tools/uiautomatorviewer

Answer 3

在输入文本后检查元素，并确保在输入后ID没有更改

Answer 4

让一些线程休眠。发生这种情况是因为您的应用程序活动需要一些时间才能启动。在此之前，UI自动机无法找到元素。您可以在发送密钥之前使线程休眠