熊猫重采样和插值功能太慢

Question

我有一个用例，我重新采样从 10 个 json 对象列表创建的小数据帧。数据框中有 10 行 50 列，缺少 20% 的字段。重采样后，我逐列插值数据帧，因为我要选择用户定义的插值方法。执行此操作的代码如下：

df = pd.DataFrame(packets_dict)
df = df.set_index('datetime')
df = df.resample('60S').first()
for column in columns_rule:
if column in df.columns:
# replace value by null if it is out of given min and max values.
if 'max_value' in columns_rule[column].keys():
df[column] = df[column].where(df[column] < columns_rule['column']['max_value'])
if 'min_value' in columns_rule[column].keys():
df[column] = df[column].where(df[column] > column_rule[column]['min_value'])
df[column] = df[column].interpolate(method=linear, limit=3)

我需要在高速流数据上运行此代码。但是这段代码执行时间太长。我已经完成了此代码的分析，通过运行此代码 990 次显示以下结果。

重采样需要 137.347 秒，调用 990 次，一次函数调用为 138.79 毫秒。

其中75.272 需要几秒钟，调用 87120 次，一次函数调用为 0.864 毫秒。

插值需要 21.928 秒，调用 43560 次，一次函数调用为 0.503 毫秒。

其余代码非常快，不需要太多时间。 这些函数完成 990 次迭代所需的总时间为 234.5 秒，几乎是 4 分钟，远高于我们所需的速率。我需要优化此代码以将时间减少 20 倍到 30 倍。有什么方法可以优化这些熊猫功能，或者可能是我在使用这些功能时做错了什么。

我正在使用带有python3的Pandas 0.23.0。

我已经搜索了它，但找不到任何解决方案。请帮助我提出您的意见和建议。

如果有人想尝试，下面是一个示例数据： 它不是实际数据，因为它无法共享，但我提供的数据非常多地体现在浮点数、整数和字符串的数量以及列数和行数方面。此外，对于字符串列，我使用 ffill 或 bfill 而不是插值函数。

packets_dict = [
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:05:40",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:06:41",'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:07:42",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:08:44",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:09:46",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:10:49",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:11:50",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:12:54",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:15:55",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field9':1234,'field10':12.4,'field11':'aab','field12':1234,'field13':12.4,'field14':'aab','field15':1234,'field16':12.4,'field17':'aab','field18':1234,'field19':12.4,'field20':'aab','field21':1234,'field22':12.4,'field23':'aab','field24':1234,'field25':12.4,'field26':'aab','field27':1234,'field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4},
{'datetime':"2018-08-01 22:16:01",'field1':12.4,'field2':'aab','field3':1234,'field4':12.4,'field5':'aab','field6':1234,'field7':12.4,'field8':'aab','field28':12.4,'field29':'aab','field30':1234,'field31':12.4,'field32':'aab','field33':1234,'field34':12.4,'field35':'aab','field36':1234,'field37':12.4,'field38':'aab','field39':1234,'field40':12.4,'field41':'aab','field42':1234,'field43':12.4,'field44':'aab','field45':1234,'field46':12.4,'field47':'aab','field48':1234,'field49':12.4}
]
columns_rule = {
'field1':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field3':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field4':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field6':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field7':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field9':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field10':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field12':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field13':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field15':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field16':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field18':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field19':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field21':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field22':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field24':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field25':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field26':'aab',
'field27':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field28':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field30':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field31':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field33':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field34':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field36':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field37':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field39':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field40':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field42':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field43':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field45':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field46':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field48':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
},
'field49':{
'max_value':999,
'min_value':0
}
}

Answer 1

Idea 是在循环中提取 dict 的值，然后处理所有匹配列的DataFrame和 instaedresample与groupby一起使用Grouper：

df = df.set_index('datetime').groupby(pd.Grouper(freq='60S')).first()
dmin, dmax = {}, {}
cmin, cmax = [],[]
for column in columns_rule:
if column in df.columns:
if 'max_value' in columns_rule[column]:
dmax[column] = columns_rule[column]['max_value']
cmax.append(column)
if 'min_value' in columns_rule[column]:
dmin[column] = columns_rule[column]['min_value']
cmin.append(column)
m1 = df[cmax].lt(pd.Series(dmax))
m2 = df[cmin].gt(pd.Series(dmin))
cols = np.union1d(cmin, cmax)
df[cmax] = np.where(m1, df[cmax], np.nan)
df[cmin] = np.where(m2, df[cmin], np.nan)
df[cols] = df[cols].interpolate(method='linear', limit=3)