Bash:如何将一行插入到文件中的特定位置?

Question

我正在自动化在我的公司中创建虚拟主机的过程，我想添加以下行：ServerAlias sitename.booking.local到一个名为 sitename.com.conf 的文件中，如下所示：

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.sitename.com
ServerAlias sitename.com
ServerAlias sitename.booking.local
DocumentRoot /site/http/travel/itn
CustomLog logs/access_sitename_log combined
DirectoryIndex default.php index.php index.html index.phtml index.cgi index.htm
ScriptAlias /awstats/ /usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/
<Directory /site/http/travel/itn >
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

我希望该行在<virtualhost></virtualhost>内并将其添加到文件中的最后一行ServerAlias下，如何实现？

Answer 1

这个尴尬应该有效：

awk  -v a="mysite" '/<VirtualHost /{v=1}
v && /^ *ServerAlias/{{$0="   ServerAlias " a ".booking.local" RS $0; v=0} 
/</VirtualHost>/{v=0} 1' file

我们的产品：

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.sitename.com
ServerAlias sitename.booking.local
ServerAlias sitename.com
DocumentRoot /site/http/travel/itn
CustomLog logs/access_sitename_log combined
DirectoryIndex default.php index.php index.html index.phtml index.cgi index.htm
ScriptAlias /awstats/ /usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/
<Directory /site/http/travel/itn >
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Answer 2

假设我们想在文档中的某个位置插入一行，那么您可以使用这样的 sed 添加到第 4 行：

sed '4a     ServerAlias sitename.booking.local' myfile.xml > myfile.xml

这显然是危险的，如果文件结构将来可以更改，让我们在ServerName之后添加这一行，所以它会像

sed -i 's/ServerName www.sitename.com/ServerName www.sitename.com\n   ServerAlias sitename.booking.local/g' myfile.xml