PowerShell 5.0/Windows 10获取命令null参考异常

Question

我有一个Win10和PowerShell 5.0的全新安装。我已经运行更新，大多数事情都可以正常工作；但是，get-command返回一个null参考例外，无论我处于常规模式还是高架模式。我还尝试了使用-noprofile运行powershell，并且在用户和高架模式下仍然会遇到相同的错误。这是一些其他信息：

PS Z:> Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -Property Version, ServicePackMajorVersion, ServicePackMinorVersion
Version    ServicePackMajorVersion ServicePackMinorVersion
-------    ----------------------- -----------------------
10.0.10586                       0                       0
PS Z:> $PSVersionTable
Name                           Value
----                           -----
PSVersion                      5.0.10586.122
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion                   10.0.10586.122
CLRVersion                     4.0.30319.42000
WSManStackVersion              3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.3
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1
PS Z:> get-command
>> TerminatingError(Get-Command): "Object reference not set to an instance of an object."
get-command : Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
At line:1 char:1
+ get-command
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-Command], NullReferenceException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.NullReferenceException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand
get-command : Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
At line:1 char:1
+ get-command
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-Command], NullReferenceException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.NullReferenceException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand
PS Z:> $error[0] | format-list * -force

PSMessageDetails      :
Exception             : System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
                           at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand.IsCommandMatch(CommandInfo& current, Boolean& isDuplicate)
                           at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand.AccumulateMatchingCommands(IEnumerable`1 commandNames)
                           at System.Management.Automation.CommandProcessor.ProcessRecord()
TargetObject          :
CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-Command], NullReferenceException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.NullReferenceException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand
ErrorDetails          :
InvocationInfo        : System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo
ScriptStackTrace      : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
PipelineIterationInfo : {}

PS Z:> $error[0].line
PS Z:> $error[0].exception | format-list * -force

Message        : Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
Data           : {}
InnerException :
TargetSite     : Boolean IsCommandMatch(System.Management.Automation.CommandInfo ByRef, Boolean ByRef)
StackTrace     :    at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand.IsCommandMatch(CommandInfo& current, Boolean& isDuplicate)
                    at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand.AccumulateMatchingCommands(IEnumerable`1 commandNames)
                    at System.Management.Automation.CommandProcessor.ProcessRecord()
HelpLink       :
Source         : System.Management.Automation
HResult        : -2147467261

在用户和高架模式下运行Update-Help之后，我在PowerShell中所做的下一件事是安装SQL Power Doc，所以我不确定这是否引起了问题，因为我不记得在使用Get-Command之前安装。

在安装过程中，我发出了以下命令：

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force
New-Item -type directory -path "$([Environment]::GetFolderPath([Environment+SpecialFolder]::MyDocuments))WindowsPowerShellModules"
Set-Location "$([Environment]::GetFolderPath([Environment+SpecialFolder]::MyDocuments))WindowsPowerShell"

当我在get -command上运行帮助时 - 它没有错误：

PS Z:> help get-command
NAME
    Get-Command
SYNOPSIS
    Gets all commands.

SYNTAX
    Get-Command [[-ArgumentList] [<Object[]>]] [-All] [-FullyQualifiedModule [<ModuleSpecification[]>]] [-ListImported] [-Module [<String[]>]] [-Noun [<String[]>]] [-ParameterName [<String[]>]] [-ParameterType [<PSTypeName[]>]] [-ShowCommandInfo] [-Syntax] [-TotalCount
    [<Int32>]] [-Verb [<String[]>]] [<CommonParameters>]
    Get-Command [[-Name] [<String[]>]] [[-ArgumentList] [<Object[]>]] [-All] [-CommandType {Alias | Function | Filter | Cmdlet | ExternalScript | Application | Script | Workflow | Configuration | All}] [-FullyQualifiedModule [<ModuleSpecification[]>]] [-ListImported]
    [-Module [<String[]>]] [-ParameterName [<String[]>]] [-ParameterType [<PSTypeName[]>]] [-ShowCommandInfo] [-Syntax] [-TotalCount [<Int32>]] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Get-Command cmdlet gets all commands that are installed on the computer, including cmdlets, aliases, functions, workflows, filters, scripts, and applications. Get-Command gets the commands from Windows PowerShell modules and snap-ins and commands that were
    imported from other sessions. To get only commands that have been imported into the current session, use the ListImported parameter.
    Without parameters, a Get-Command command gets all of the cmdlets, functions, workflows and aliases installed on the computer. A Get-Command * command gets all types of commands, including all of the non-Windows-PowerShell files in the Path environment variable
    ($env:path), which it lists in the "Application" command type.
    A Get-Command command that uses the exact name of the command (without wildcard characters) automatically imports the module that contains the command so you can use the command immediately. To enable, disable, and configure automatic importing of modules, use the
    $PSModuleAutoLoadingPreference preference variable. For more information, see about_Preference_Variables (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113248).
    Get-Command gets its data directly from the command code, unlike Get-Help, which gets its information from help topics.
    In Windows PowerShell 2.0, Get-Command gets only commands in current session. It does not get commands from modules that are installed, but not imported. To limit Get-Command in Windows PowerShell 3.0 and later to commands in the current session, use the
    ListImported parameter.
    Starting in Windows PowerShell 5.0, results of the Get-Command cmdlet display a Version column by default; a new Version property has been added to the CommandInfo class.

RELATED LINKS
    Online Version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=289583
    Export-PSSession
    Get-Help
    Get-Member
    Get-PSDrive
    Import-PSSession
    about_Command_Precedence
REMARKS
    To see the examples, type: "get-help Get-Command -examples".
    For more information, type: "get-help Get-Command -detailed".
    For technical information, type: "get-help Get-Command -full".
    For online help, type: "get-help Get-Command -online"

有人看到了明显的东西吗？任何帮助都将不胜感激。

Answer 1

暂时重命名您的Modules目录可能值得，然后重新运行Get-Command以查看是否修复了它。

（根据问题上的上述评论，看来这是解决方案。）

Answer 2

我偶然发现了这个问题，因为我遇到了同样的问题。它认为它与使用SQL PowerDoc解决方案发货的模块RDS管理器有关。RDS.Manager来自Technet画廊：http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/e8c3af96-db10-45b0-45b0-88e3-328f087a8700/

我从模块文件夹中删除了整个文件夹，一切都很好。添加了RDS模块，nullReference异常再次存在。