我正在尝试通过HTTP请求向Instagram发出登录请求(感谢Python的"requests"模块(，然后将结果移植到Selenium的chromedriver，以便让用户已经登录。 我正在使用"请求"模块来尝试。 当我设法通过Session成功登录网站时，似乎它阻止了我切换到驱动程序以使已经登录的页面。 这是控制台打印我的错误
DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:12779/devtools/browser/73b726a1-520f-4d08-8982-a9ada65ead2b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "requestiumTest.py", line 124, in <module>
s.transfer_session_cookies_to_driver() # You can maintain the session if needed
File "C:UsersgforcellAppDataLocalContinuumanaconda3libsite-packagesrequestiumrequestium.py", line 114, in transfer_session_cookies_to_driver
'expiry': c.expires, 'domain': c.domain})
File "C:UsersgforcellAppDataLocalContinuumanaconda3libsite-packagesrequestiumrequestium.py", line 235, in ensure_add_cookie
self.add_cookie(cookie)
File "C:UsersgforcellAppDataLocalContinuumanaconda3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverremotewebdriver.py", line 872, in add_cookie
self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})
File "C:UsersgforcellAppDataLocalContinuumanaconda3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverremotewebdriver.py", line 312, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:UsersgforcellAppDataLocalContinuumanaconda3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverremoteerrorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unable to set cookie
(Session info: chrome=66.0.3359.139)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.36.540470 (e522d04694c7ebea4ba8821272dbef4f9b818c91),platform=Windows NT 10.0.15063 x86_64)
虽然这是重现它的代码
from requestium import Session, Keys
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os
from seleniumrequests import Chrome
from os.path import join
import platform
import json
import hashlib
import hmac
import six.moves.urllib as urllib
def findPathForDriver():
lookfor = "chromedriver.exe" if platform.system() == "Windows" else "chromedriver"
placeWhereToStart = "C:\" if platform.system() == "Windows" else "/"
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(placeWhereToStart):
if lookfor in files:
with open('path.txt', 'w') as f:
f.write(join(root, lookfor))
return join(root, lookfor)
def generate_signature(data, IG_SIG_KEY, SIG_KEY_VERSION):
body = hmac.new(IG_SIG_KEY.encode('utf-8'), data.encode('utf-8'),hashlib.sha256).hexdigest() + '.' + urllib.parse.quote(data)
signature = 'ig_sig_key_version={sig_key}&signed_body={body}'
return signature.format(sig_key=SIG_KEY_VERSION, body=body)
def generate_device_id(seed):
volatile_seed = "12345"
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(seed.encode('utf-8') + volatile_seed.encode('utf-8'))
return 'android-' + m.hexdigest()[:16]
def generate_UUID(uuid_type):
import uuid
generated_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
if uuid_type:
return generated_uuid
else:
return generated_uuid.replace('-', '')
def get_seed(*args):
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(b''.join([arg.encode('utf-8') for arg in args]))
return m.hexdigest()
def send_request(endpoint, post=None, login=False, with_signature=True):
global last_response
global last_json
global s
s.headers.update({
'Connection': 'close',
'Accept': '*/*',
'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
'Cookie2': '$Version=1',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US',
'User-Agent': USER_AGENT
})
try:
if post is not None: # POST
if with_signature:
post = generate_signature(post, IG_SIG_KEY, SIG_KEY_VERSION)
response = s.post('https://i.instagram.com/api/v1/' + endpoint, data=post)
else: # GET
response = s.get('https://i.instagram.com/api/v1/' + endpoint)
except Exception as e:
print("Eccezione per colpa dell'endpoint " + endpoint)
return False
if response.status_code == 200:
last_response = response
last_json = json.loads(response.text)
return True
else:
return False
DEVICE_SETTINTS = {
'manufacturer': 'samsung',
'model': 'herolte',
'device': 'SM-G960F',
'android_version': 26,
'android_release': '8.0'
}
#41.0.0.13.92
USER_AGENT = 'Instagram 10.26.0 Android ({android_version}/{android_release}; 640dpi; 1440x2560; {manufacturer}; {device}; {model}; samsungexynos8890; en_US)'.format(
**DEVICE_SETTINTS)
IG_SIG_KEY = '4f8732eb9ba7d1c8e8897a75d6474d4eb3f5279137431b2aafb71fafe2abe178'
EXPERIMENTS = 'ig_android_disk_cache_match_journal_size_to_cache_max_count,ig_android_ad_move_carousel_indicator_to_ufi_universe,ig_android_universe_video_production,ig_android_live_follow_from_comments_universe,ig_android_ad_watchandinstall_universe,ig_android_live_analytics,ig_android_video_captions_universe,ig_android_offline_location_feed,ig_android_ontact_invite_universe,ig_android_insta_video_reconnect_viewers,ig_android_live_broadcast_blacklist,ig_android_checkbox_instead_of_button_as_follow_affordance_universe,ig_android_ufi_redesign_video_social_context,ig_android_stories_surface_universe,ig_android_verified_comments_universe,ig_android_preload_media_ahead_in_current_reel,android_instagram_prefetch_suggestions_universe,ig_android_direct_inbox_tray_suggested_user_universe,ig_android_direct_blue_tab,ig_android_light_status_bar_universe,ig_android_asset_button_new_content_animation,ig_android_async_network_tweak_universe,ig_android_react_native_lazy_modules_killswitch,ig_android_instavideo_remove_nux_comments,ig_video_copyright_whitelist,ig_android_ad_sponsor_label_story_top_design_universe,ig_android_business_action,ig_android_direct_link_style,ig_android_live_heart_enhancements_universe,ig_android_preload_item_count_in_reel_viewer_buffer,ig_android_auto_retry_post_mode,ig_android_fix_render_thread_crash,ig_android_shopping,ig_fbns_preload_default,ig_android_gesture_dismiss_reel_viewer,ig_android_ad_logger_funnel_logging_universe,ig_android_direct_links,ig_android_links_receivers,ig_android_ad_impression_backtest,ig_android_offline_freshness_toast_10_12,ig_android_invites_without_token_universe,ig_android_immersive_viewer,ig_android_mqtt_skywalker,ig_fbns_push,ig_android_react_native_universe,ig_android_special_brush,ig_android_live_consumption_abr,ig_android_story_viewer_social_context,ig_android_explore_verified_badges_stories_universe,ig_android_video_loopcount_int,ig_android_enable_main_feed_reel_tray_preloading,ig_android_ad_watchbrowse_universe,ig_android_react_native_ota,ig_android_discover_people_icon_in_others_profile,ig_android_log_mediacodec_info,ig_android_enable_back_navigation_nux_universe,ig_android_cold_start_feed_request,ig_video_use_sve_universe,ig_android_offline_explore_10_14,ig_android_stories_teach_gallery_location,ig_android_http_stack_experiment_2017,ig_android_stories_device_tilt,ig_android_pending_request_search_bar,ig_android_fb_topsearch_sgp_fork_request,ig_android_animation_perf_reporter_timeout,ig_android_new_block_flow,ig_android_direct_address_links,ig_android_share_profile_photo_to_feed_universe,ig_android_stories_private_likes,ig_android_text_background,ig_android_stories_video_prefetch_kb,ig_android_su_activity_feed,ig_android_live_stop_broadcast_on_404,ig_android_render_iframe_interval,ig_android_boomerang_entry,ig_android_camera_shortcut_universe,ig_android_fetch_fresh_viewer_list,ig_android_ad_media_url_logging_universe,ig_android_phone_confirm_rate_limit_language_universe,ig_android_keep_http_cache_on_user_switch,ig_android_facebook_twitter_profile_photos,ig_android_full_user_detail_endpoint,ig_android_direct_sqlite_universe,ig_android_family_bridge_share,ig_android_search,ig_android_insta_video_consumption_titles,ig_android_live_notification_control,ig_android_camera_universe,ig_android_instavideo_audio_only_mode,ig_android_live_video_reactions_consumption_universe,ig_android_swipe_fragment_container,ig_creation_growth_holdout,ig_android_live_save_to_camera_roll_universe,ig_android_ad_cta_redesign_universe,ig_android_sticker_region_tracking,ig_android_unified_inbox,ig_android_offline_main_feed_10_11,ig_android_chaining_teaser_animation,ig_android_business_conversion_value_prop_v2,ig_android_redirect_to_low_latency_universe,ig_android_feed_header_profile_ring_universe,ig_family_bridges_holdout_universe,ig_android_following_follower_social_context,ig_android_video_keep_screen_on,ig_android_profile_photo_as_media,ig_android_insta_video_consumption_infra,ig_android_sms_consent_in_edit_profile,ig_android_infinite_scrolling_launch,ig_in_feed_commenting,ig_android_live_broadcast_enable_year_class_2011,ig_android_direct_phone_number_links,ig_android_direct_share_sheet_ring,ig_android_stories_weblink_creation,ig_android_histogram_reporter,ig_android_network_cancellation,ig_android_react_native_insights,ig_android_insta_video_audio_encoder,ig_android_family_bridge_bookmarks,ig_android_dash_for_vod_universe,ig_android_direct_mutually_exclusive_experiment_universe,ig_android_stories_selfie_sticker,ig_android_ad_add_per_event_counter_to_logging_event,ig_android_rtl,ig_android_direct_send_auto_retry,ig_android_direct_video_autoplay_scroll,ig_android_promote_from_profile_button,ig_android_share_spinner,ig_android_profile_share_username,ig_android_sidecar_edit_screen_universe,ig_promotions_unit_in_insights_landing_page,ig_android_save_longpress_tooltip,ig_android_constrain_image_size_universe,ig_android_business_new_graphql_endpoint_universe,ig_ranking_following,ig_android_universe_reel_video_production,ig_android_sfplt,ig_android_offline_hashtag_feed,ig_android_live_skin_smooth,ig_android_stories_posting_offline_ui,ig_android_direct_add_local_thread_in_inbox,ig_android_swipe_navigation_x_angle_universe,ig_android_offline_mode_holdout,ig_android_non_square_first,ig_android_insta_video_drawing,ig_android_react_native_usertag,ig_android_swipeablefilters_universe,ig_android_analytics_logger_running_background_universe,ig_android_save_all,ig_android_reel_viewer_data_buffer_size,ig_android_disk_cache_has_sanity_check,ig_direct_quality_holdout_universe,ig_android_family_bridge_discover,ig_android_react_native_restart_after_error_universe,ig_story_tray_peek_content_universe,ig_android_profile,ig_android_high_res_upload_2,ig_android_http_service_same_thread,ig_android_remove_followers_universe,ig_android_skip_video_render,ig_android_live_viewer_comment_prompt_universe,ig_android_search_client_matching,ig_explore_netego,ig_android_boomerang_feed_attribution,ig_android_explore_story_sfslt_universe,ig_android_rendering_controls,ig_android_os_version_blocking,ig_android_encoder_width_safe_multiple_16,ig_android_direct_video_autoplay,ig_android_snippets_profile_nux,ig_android_e2e_optimization_universe,ig_android_disk_usage,ig_android_save_collections,ig_android_live_see_fewer_videos_like_this_universe,ig_android_live_view_profile_from_comments_universe,ig_formats_and_feedbacks_holdout_universe,ig_fbns_blocked,ig_android_instavideo_periodic_notif,ig_android_empty_feed_redesign,ig_android_marauder_update_frequency,ig_android_suggest_password_reset_on_oneclick_login,ig_android_live_special_codec_size_list,ig_android_enable_share_to_messenger,ig_android_live_video_reactions_creation_universe,ig_android_live_hide_viewer_nux,ig_android_channels_home,ig_android_sidecar_gallery_universe,ig_android_live_using_webrtc,ig_android_insta_video_broadcaster_infra_perf,ig_android_business_conversion_social_context,android_ig_fbns_kill_switch,ig_android_retry_story_seen_state,ig_android_react_native_universe_kill_switch,ig_android_stories_book_universe,ig_android_all_videoplayback_persisting_sound,ig_android_cache_layer_bytes_threshold,ig_android_comment_deep_linking_v1,ig_android_business_promotion,ig_android_anrwatchdog,ig_android_qp_kill_switch,ig_android_ad_always_send_ad_attribution_id_universe,ig_android_2fac,ig_direct_bypass_group_size_limit_universe,ig_android_promote_simplified_flow,ig_android_share_to_whatsapp,ig_fbns_dump_ids,ig_android_ad_show_mai_cta_loading_state_universe,ig_android_skywalker_live_event_start_end,ig_android_toplive_verified_badges_universe,ig_android_live_join_comment_ui_change,ig_android_draw_button_new_tool_animation,ig_video_max_duration_qe_preuniverse,ig_android_http_stack_kz_debug,ig_request_cache_layer,ig_android_carousel_feed_indicators_universe,ig_android_new_optic,ig_android_mark_reel_seen_on_Swipe_forward,ig_fbns_shared,ig_android_capture_slowmo_mode,ig_android_save_multi_select,ig_android_mead,ig_android_video_single_surface,ig_android_offline_reel_feed,ig_android_video_download_logging,ig_android_last_edits,ig_android_exoplayer_4142,ig_android_snippets_haptic_feedback,ig_android_gl_drawing_marks_after_undo_backing,ig_android_mark_seen_state_on_viewed_impression,ig_android_live_backgrounded_reminder_universe,ig_android_disable_comment_public_test,ig_android_user_detail_endpoint,ig_android_comment_tweaks_universe,ig_android_add_to_last_post,ig_save_insights,ig_android_live_enhanced_end_screen_universe,ig_android_ad_add_counter_to_logging_event,ig_android_sidecar,ig_android_direct_split_new_message_button,ig_android_grid_video_icon,ig_android_ad_watchandlead_universe,ig_android_progressive_jpeg,ig_android_offline_story_stickers,ig_android_direct_inbox_unseen_hint,ig_android_top_live_titles_universe,ig_android_video_prefetch_for_connectivity_type,ig_android_ad_holdout_16m5_universe,ig_android_sync_on_background_enhanced,ig_android_upload_reliability_use_fbupload_lib,ig_android_samsung_app_badging,ig_android_offline_commenting,ig_android_insta_video_abr_resize,ig_android_insta_video_sound_always_on,ig_android_disable_comment'
SIG_KEY_VERSION = '4'
path = findPathForDriver()
s = Session(webdriver_path=path,
browser='chrome',
default_timeout=15)
username = <insert_username>
password = <insert_password>
device_id = generate_device_id(get_seed(username, password))
uuid = generate_UUID(True)
last_response = None
last_json = None
if (send_request('si/fetch_headers/?challenge_type=signup&guid=' + generate_UUID(False), login=True)):
data = json.dumps({
'phone_id': generate_UUID(True),
'_csrftoken': last_response.cookies['csrftoken'],
'username': username,
'guid': uuid,
'device_id': device_id,
'password': password,
'login_attempt_count': '0',
})
if send_request('accounts/login/', data, True):
print("Tutto ok")
is_logged_in = True
user_id = last_json["logged_in_user"]["pk"]
rank_token = "{}_{}".format(user_id, uuid)
print(rank_token)
ranktoken = rank_token
token = last_response.cookies["csrftoken"]
s.transfer_session_cookies_to_driver() # You can maintain the session if needed
s.driver.get('http://www.instagram.com')
据我所知，Chrome 似乎不喜欢以前生成的 cookie，尽管它们看起来根本没有损坏。 浏览器显示的错误是"请求过多">
我在使用请求和硒时遇到了同样的错误。您需要先在域上获取页面，然后才能设置 cookie
driver.get(login_url)
for cookie in s.cookies:
driver.add_cookie({
'name': cookie.name,
'value': cookie.value,
'domain': cookie.domain
})
driver.get(dashboard_url)
此错误消息...
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unable to set cookie
。暗示在尝试设置 cookie 时引发了WebDriverException。
cookie错误似乎来自您使用的二进制文件之间的版本兼容性，如下所示：
- 您正在使用的 chromedriver=2.36
- chromedriver=2.36的发行说明明确提到了以下内容：
支持铬 v63-65
- 您正在使用的 chrome=66.0
- ChromeDriver v2.38的发行说明明确提到了以下内容：
支持铬 v65-67
因此，ChromeDriver版本(v2.36(和Chrome浏览器版本(v66.0(之间存在明显的不匹配。
溶液
- 将ChromeDriver升级到当前的ChromeDriver v2.38级别。
- 将Chrome 版本保持在Chrome v66.x级别。(根据ChromeDriver v2.38发行说明(
- 通过IDE清理项目工作中心，并仅使用所需的依赖项重新生成项目。
- 使用CCleaner工具在执行测试套件之前和之后清除所有操作系统杂务。
- 如果您的基本 Web 客户端版本太旧，请通过Revo 卸载程序将其卸载，并安装最新的 GA 和已发布版本的Web 客户端。
- 重新启动系统。
- 执行您的
@Test。
显然，即使在DebanjanB的回答之后，也没有解决方案。 不过，我找到了一个非常适合我的解决方法：通过Selenium登录，然后将cookie切换到requestium的会话对象，viceversa工作得很好。