我最近开始将许多现有的C++应用程序代码移植到C++11,现在我正在转换为新的智能指针std::unique_ptr和std::shared_ptr,我有一个关于自定义删除器的具体问题。我想添加一个 lambda 记录器以查看我的删除被调用的位置,但我无法编译数组专用版本。 建议将不胜感激。
我一直在寻找一个用于 VC++10 或 GCC 4.5.2+ 的数组专用化unique_ptr自定义删除器的示例,但徒劳无功。 我想在 lambda 中调用删除器时打印一条日志消息 - 主要是为了确保我认为超出范围的所有指针都在这样做。 这对于专用化的阵列版本是否可行? 我可以让它与非数组版本一起使用,如果我传递外部结构"MyArrayDeleter"作为第二个参数,我也可以让它与数组专用化一起工作。 还有一件事,是否有可能删除丑陋的 std::function,因为我认为我可以让 lambda 签名解决这个问题。
struct MySimpleDeleter {
void operator()(int* ptr) const {
printf("Deleting int pointer!n");
delete ptr;
}
};
struct MyArrayDeleter {
void operator()(int* ptr) const {
printf("Deleting Array[]!n");
delete [] ptr;
}
};
{
// example 1 - calls MySimpleDeleter where delete simple pointer is called
std::unique_ptr<int, MySimpleDeleter> ptr1(new int(5));
// example 2 - correctly calls MyArrayDeleter where delete[] is called
std::unique_ptr<int[], MyArrayDeleter> ptr2(new int[5]);
// example 3 - this works (but default_delete<int[]> would have been passed
// even if I did not specialize it as it is the default second arg
// I only show it here to highlight the problem I am trying to solve
std::unique_ptr<int[], std::default_delete<int[]>> ptr2(new int[100]);
// example 3 - this lambda is called correctly - I want to do this for arrays
std::unique_ptr<int, std::function<void (int *)>> ptr3(
new int(3), [&](int *ptr){
delete ptr; std::cout << "delete int* called" << std::endl;
});
// example 4 - I cannot get the following like to compile
// PLEASE HELP HERE - I cannot get this to compile
std::unique_ptr<int[], std::function<void (int *)>> ptr4(
new int[4], [&](int *ptr){
delete []ptr; std::cout << "delete [] called" << std::endl;
});
}
The compiler error is as follows:
The error from the compiler (which complains about the new int[4] for ptr4 below is:
'std::unique_ptr<_Ty,_Dx>::unique_ptr' : cannot access private member declared in class 'std::unique_ptr<_Ty,_Dx>'
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=int [],
1> _Dx=std::tr1::function<void (int *)>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludememory(2513) : see declaration of 'std::unique_ptr<_Ty,_Dx>::unique_ptr'
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=int [],
1> _Dx=std::tr1::function<void (int *)>
1> ]
怎么样:
auto deleter=[&](int* ptr){...};
std::unique_ptr<int[], decltype(deleter)> ptr4(new int[4], deleter);
首先,我将VC2010与SP1一起使用,Mingw g++ 4.7.1
对于新数组,unique_ptr已经以干净的方式支持它:
struct X
{
X() { puts("ctor"); }
~X() { puts("dtor"); }
};
unique_ptr<X[]> xp(new X[3]);
输出为:
ctor
ctor
ctor
dtor
dtor
dtor
不幸的是,对于自定义删除器,VC2010 和 g++ 之间不一致:
VC2010:
unique_ptr<FILE, function<void (FILE*)> > fp(fopen("tmp.txt", "w"), [](FILE *fp){
puts("close file now");
fclose(fp);
});
G++:
unique_ptr<FILE, void (*)(FILE*) > fp(fopen("tmp.txt", "w"), [](FILE *fp){
puts("close file now");
fclose(fp);
});
Managu的方法非常好,因为内联lambda很酷,但恕我直言,会损害可读性。它还强调了在获取之前释放资源(RAII)。
在这里,我建议一种将资源获取和释放分开的声明性方法(Scope Guard,适用于VC2010和g ++ 4.7.1):
template<typename T>
struct ScopeGuard
{
T deleter_;
ScopeGuard( T deleter) : deleter_(deleter) {}
~ScopeGuard() { deleter_() ; }
};
#define UNI_NAME(name, line) name ## line
#define ON_OUT_OF_SCOPE_2(lambda_body, line) auto UNI_NAME(deleter_lambda_, line) = [&]() { lambda_body; } ;
ScopeGuard<decltype(UNI_NAME(deleter_lambda_, line))>
UNI_NAME(scope_guard_, line) ( UNI_NAME(deleter_lambda_, line ));
#define ON_OUT_OF_SCOPE(lambda_body) ON_OUT_OF_SCOPE_2(lambda_body, __LINE__)
FILE * fp = fopen("tmp.txt", "w");
ON_OUT_OF_SCOPE( { puts("close file now"); fclose(fp); } );
关键是你可以用旧的、清晰的方式获取资源,并声明语句以在资源获取行之后立即释放资源。
缺点是您无法将单个对象及其删除器一起转发。
对于 FILE *,shared_ptr 可以用作相同目的的替代指针(可能有点重量级,但适用于 VC2010 和 g++)
shared_ptr fp2 ( fopen("tmp.txt", "w"), [](FILE * fp) { fclose(fp); puts("close file"); } );