c-如何在指向结构时正确使用malloc()和realloc(

Question

这是我的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct{
    char name;
    char surname;
    int month;
    int day;
} person;
person *ptr;
int action, number_of_friends=0, a, b, day, month;
char decision;
int main(void)
{
    ptr=(person*)malloc(sizeof(person));
    while(1)
    {
        printf("Please enter the data about the person number %dn", number_of_friends+1);
        person entered_person;
        printf("Initial of the name: "); scanf(" %c", &entered_person.name);
        printf("Initial of the surname: "); scanf(" %c", &entered_person.surname);
        printf("The day of birth: "); scanf("%d", &entered_person.day);
        printf("And the month: "); scanf("%d", &entered_person.month);
        *(ptr+number_of_friends) = entered_person;
        printf("Do you want to add more friends? (y/n) ");
        scanf(" %c", &decision);
        if (decision=='n' || decision=='N') {
            break;
        }
        number_of_friends++;
        ptr=realloc(ptr, number_of_friends);
    }
    number_of_friends++;
    person get_person;
    for (a=0; a<number_of_friends; a++)
    {
        get_person = *(ptr+a);
        printf("Person number %dn", a+1);
        printf("Initial of the name: %cn", get_person.name);
        printf("Initial of the surname: %cn", get_person.surname);
        printf("The day of birth: %dn", get_person.day);
        printf("And the month: %dnn", get_person.month);
    }
}

问题是，如果人数大于…，它将无法正确显示输入的人员列表。。。大约5。

我相信这与malloc（）和realloc（（写越界？）有关，但作为一个初学者，我不知道如何解决这个问题。

Answer 1

您的realloc（）大小错误，您想要number_of_friends乘以一个人结构的大小（我猜）：

ptr=realloc(ptr, number_of_friends*sizeof(person));

编辑：这也是将崩溃后的第一个循环：

number_of_friends++;
ptr=realloc(ptr, number_of_friends);

由于number_of_friends从0开始，

Answer 2

number_of_friends++;
ptr=realloc(ptr, number_of_friends);

应该是

person *tmp = realloc( ptr, sizeof *ptr * (number_of_friends + 1) );
if ( tmp )
{
  ptr = tmp;
  number_of_friends++;
}

请记住，realloc和malloc一样，以数字存储单元（字节）为参数，而不是特定类型的元素的数量。此外，realloc在失败时将返回NULL，因此您希望保留原始指针，直到您确定realloc操作成功为止。类似地，在realloc调用完成之前，您不希望更新number_of_friends。