RankNTypes in haskell.列表理解有效,但地图无效



我想具体知道为什么地图在以下情况下不起作用:

{-# Language RankNTypes #-}
module Demo where
import Numeric.AD
newtype Fun = Fun (forall a. Num a => [a] -> a)
test1 :: Fun 
test1 = Fun $ [u, v] -> (v - (u * u * u)) 
test2 :: Fun 
test2 = Fun $  [u, v] -> ((u * u) + (v * v) - 1)
works :: (Ord a, Num a) => [[a] -> [a]]
works = [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ]
fList :: [Fun]
fList = [test1, test2]

将其拉入GHCI,我得到以下结果:

*Demo> w = [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ]
*Demo> map (f -> f [1, 1]) w
[[-3,1],[2,2]]

这很好用,但是据我所知,以下内容应该做同样的事情,但不起作用。为什么不呢?这里有什么问题?

*Demo> map (f -> grad (Fun f)) fList
<interactive>:31:18: error:
• Couldn't match expected type ‘f (Numeric.AD.Internal.Reverse.Reverse
s a)
-> Numeric.AD.Internal.Reverse.Reverse s a’
with actual type ‘Fun’
• Possible cause: ‘Fun’ is applied to too many arguments
In the first argument of ‘grad’, namely ‘(Fun f)’
In the expression: grad (Fun f)
In the first argument of ‘map’, namely ‘( f -> grad (Fun f))’
• Relevant bindings include
it :: [f a -> f a] (bound at <interactive>:31:1)
<interactive>:31:22: error:
• Couldn't match expected type ‘[a1] -> a1’ with actual type ‘Fun’
• In the first argument of ‘Fun’, namely ‘f’
In the first argument of ‘grad’, namely ‘(Fun f)’
In the expression: grad (Fun f)

我正在使用的库是Haskell广告库:https://hackage.haskell.org/package/ad-4.3.4

干杯!

这些不是等价的:

*Demo> [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ]
*Demo> map (f -> grad (Fun f)) fList

第一个,粗略地,从fList中提取一个值,比如x,选择f以便Fun f = x,然后调用grad f

第二个从调用它的fList中提取一个值f(!(,并计算Fun f,并将其传递给grad

因此,第一个从列表元素中删除Fun包装器,第二个添加包装器。

将其与以下产品进行比较:

*Demo> map ( (Fun f) -> grad f) fList

这将像列表理解一样删除包装器。

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