如何模拟太阳球衣的客户发帖电话

Question

这是我的代码

@Service
public class PaymentHandler {
private static final Gson GSON = new Gson();
private static Client webServiceClient = createSslClient(); // function creates a ssl connection
public Response makePayment(String payload) {
WebResource webResource = webServiceClient.resource(url);
WebResource.Builder builder = webResource.getRequestBuilder();
String r = builder
.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)
.post(String.class, payload);
Response response = GSON.fromJson(r, Response.class);
}
}

以下是我尝试测试它的方法，但它不起作用，它总是打电话给支付服务。我无法嘲笑它。

Client client = mock(Client.class );
WebResource webResource = mock(WebResource.class);
WebResource.Builder builder = mock(WebResource.Builder.class);
ClientResponse clientResponse = mock(ClientResponse.class);
when(client.resource(anyString())).thenReturn(webResource);
when(webResource.getRequestBuilder()).thenReturn(builder);
when(builder.type(anyString())).thenReturn(builder);
when(builder.accept(anyString())).thenReturn(builder);
when(builder.post(Matchers.eq(String.class), anyString())).thenReturn("Test");
paymentHandler.makePayment(payload); //assume that I send actual payload

有人能告诉我如何嘲笑这件事吗？

Answer 1

以下是我如何使用模拟

@Mock
Client client;
@Mock
WebResource webResource;
@Mock
WebResource.Builder builder;

@Test
public void test() {
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(payeezyHandler,"webServiceClient",client);
Mockito.when(client.resource(anyString())).thenReturn(webResource);
Mockito.when(webResource.getRequestBuilder()).thenReturn(builder);
Mockito.when(builder.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)).thenReturn(builder);
Mockito.when(builder.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)).thenReturn(builder);
Mockito.when(builder.post(Matchers.eq(String.class),anyString())).thenReturn(fakeResponse());
}

我知道ReflectionTestUtils不好用。但是，如果您的测试类只有一个公共函数要测试，那么我想这并没有什么害处。

Answer 2

在您的测试中，我没有看到您用模拟版本替换webServiceClient。

但首先，我相信您最好不要在没有依赖注入的情况下编写PaymentHandler这样的代码。将CCD_ 3注入CCD_。如果没有依赖注入，它就不灵活，很难维护，因此也不可测试。例如，想象一下，如果初始化这样一个字段需要与外部系统进行一些交互，会发生什么。如果没有任何字节码操作库，您将如何测试它？或者，如何轻松地从一个webServiceClient迁移到另一个，例如从非ssl迁移到ssl？

尽管存在这些众所周知的问题，但有时我们不得不处理第三方或遗留代码，这些代码我们无法轻易更改。但我们想为与第三方代码交互的代码编写测试。正是出于这个原因，存在一些很酷的测试框架。PowerMock就是其中之一，下面是使用它的工作代码：

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(PaymentHandler.class)
public class PaymentHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
//we don't want to initialize the PaymentHandler.class because it might cause some
//heavy undesirable initilization. E.g. if we had referred to PaymentHandler as a class
//literal here, then the webServiceClient would've been initializaed with some "real"
//instance of Client. My PaymentHandler is located in so package. You should specify your
//fully qualified class' name here
Class<?> clazz = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass("so.PaymentHandler");
//now the webServiceClient will be null once we initialize the PaymentHandler class
PowerMockito.suppress(PowerMockito.method(clazz, "createSslClient"));
Client client = mock(Client.class);
//here we initialize the PaymentHandler.class and finally mock the webServiceClient
Whitebox.setInternalState(clazz, "webServiceClient", client);
PaymentHandler paymentHandler = new PaymentHandler();
WebResource webResource = mock(WebResource.class);
WebResource.Builder builder = mock(WebResource.Builder.class);
when(client.resource(anyString())).thenReturn(webResource);
when(webResource.getRequestBuilder()).thenReturn(builder);
//take note of any(MediaType.class) instead of anyString() from your example. As in
//your PaymentHandler, MediaType is used instead of String
when(builder.type(any(MediaType.class))).thenReturn(builder);
when(builder.accept(any(MediaType.class))).thenReturn(builder);
when(builder.post(Matchers.eq(String.class), anyString())).thenReturn("{}");
paymentHandler.makePayment("payload");
}
}

在我的示例中，我使用了以下依赖项：

testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-api-mockito2', version: '2.0.0'
testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-module-junit4', version: '2.0.0'

这些是最新版本，但早期版本也可以做到