使用urlib2可以对URL请求进行抽象。这样,您就可以在实际发出请求之前对请求体进行处理。
例如:
def authentication(self, req):
signup = md5(str(req.get_data())).hexdigest()
req.add_header('Authorization', signup)
return urllib2.urlopen(req)
def some_request(self):
url = 'http://something'
req = urllib2.Request(url)
response = authentication(req)
return json.loads(response.read())
我想使用python请求而不是urllib2。我如何使用它来实现上面例子中的效果?
您可以创建一个准备好的请求:
from requests import Request, Session
def authentication(self, req):
signup = md5(str(req.body)).hexdigest()
req.headers['Authorization'] = signup
s = Session()
req = Request('POST', url, data=data)
prepped = s.prepare_request(req)
authentication(prepped)
resp = s.send(prepped)
或者您可以使用自定义身份验证对象来封装此过程;在准备好的请求中传递这样一个对象作为准备的最后一步:
import hashlib
class BodySignature(object):
def __init__(self, header='Authorization', algorithm=hashlib.md5):
self.header = header
self.algorithm = algorithm
def __call__(self, request):
body = request.body
if not isinstance(body, bytes): # Python 3
body = body.encode('latin1') # standard encoding for HTTP
signature = self.algorithm(body)
request.headers[self.header] = signature.hexdigest()
return request
然后在requests
调用中使用此参数作为auth
参数:
resp = requests.post(url, data=data, auth=BodySignature())