Django:向高级 URL 发出 GET 请求

Question

所以我有聊天室，我有消息。然后我有两个网址：/messages和/rooms。这些显示您的所有房间和消息。还可以将消息分配给房间。因此，在房间 API 中，我已将消息分配给该房间。

假设房间称为"Room1"，消息是"嘿"、"哟"和"怎么了"。如果我只向/messages 发出请求，我将获得所有消息。假设只有两条消息分配给"Room1"，另一条消息分配给另一个未命名的房间。

我想要一种方法来发出 get 请求，并且只将分配给"ID = 3 的 Room1"(本地主机：8000/房间/3/消息)而不是：(本地主机：8000/消息)的那两条消息。

这是我向/rooms/3/发出获取请求的示例

{
"id": 3,
"name": "Room 1",
"members": [
{
"id": 1,
"username": "william"
},
{
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
},
{
"id": 3,
"username": "ryan"
}
],
"messages": [
{
"id": 7,
"content": "hej",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 1,
"username": "william"
}
},
{
"id": 8,
"content": "yoyo",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
},
{
"id": 9,
"content": "tjo bror",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 3,
"username": "ryan"
}
},
{
"id": 10,
"content": "hej jag heter Eric och jag gar pa polhemskolan i lund och jag ar 17 ar gammal",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
},
{
"id": 11,
"content": "vi vet hahah",
"date": "2019-07-09",
"sender": {
"id": 1,
"username": "william"
}
},
{
"id": 12,
"content": "amen sluta",
"date": "2019-07-09",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
}
]
}

如果我做房间/3/消息，这就是我想得到的回应：

"messages": [
{
"id": 7,
"content": "hej",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 1,
"username": "william"
}
},
{
"id": 8,
"content": "yoyo",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
},
{
"id": 9,
"content": "tjo bror",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 3,
"username": "ryan"
}
},
{
"id": 10,
"content": "hej jag heter Eric och jag gar pa polhemskolan i lund och jag ar 17 ar gammal",
"date": "2019-07-08",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
},
{
"id": 11,
"content": "vi vet hahah",
"date": "2019-07-09",
"sender": {
"id": 1,
"username": "william"
}
},
{
"id": 12,
"content": "amen sluta",
"date": "2019-07-09",
"sender": {
"id": 2,
"username": "eric"
}
}
]
}

姜戈模型：

class UserProfile(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = 'All Users'
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_data(sender, update_fields, created, instance, **kwargs):
if created:
user = instance
profile = UserProfile.objects.create(user=user)
class Message(models.Model):
sender = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE,  related_name="sendermessage")
content = models.CharField(max_length=500)
date = models.DateField(default=date.today)
canview = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile, blank=True, related_name="messagecanview")
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = 'Messages'
def __str__(self):
return "{sender}".format(sender=self.sender)
class Room(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile, blank=True)
messages = models.ManyToManyField(Message, blank=True)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = 'Rooms'
def __str__(self):
return "{name}".format(name=self.name)enter code here

Django Serializers：

class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
username = serializers.CharField(source='user.username')
class Meta:
model = UserProfile
fields = ('id', 'username')
class MessageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
sender = UserProfileSerializer()
class Meta:
model = Message
fields = ('id', 'content', 'date', 'sender')
class RoomSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
messages = MessageSerializer(many=True)
members = UserProfileSerializer(many=True)
class Meta:
model = Room
fields = ('id', 'name', 'members', 'messages')

姜戈视图：

class UserProfileView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch']
queryset = UserProfile.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserProfileSerializer
class MessageView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch']
queryset = Message.objects.all()
serializer_class = MessageSerializer
class UserMessageView(MessageView):
def get_queryset(self):
return Message.objects.filter(canview__user=self.request.user)
class RoomView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch']
queryset = Room.objects.all()
serializer_class = RoomSerializer
class UserRoomView(RoomView):
def get_queryset(self):
return Room.objects.filter(members__user=self.request.user)

Django 网址：

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('users', views.UserProfileView),
router.register('rooms', views.UserRoomView),
router.register('messages', views.UserMessageView),
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls)),
]

Answer 1

要获得分配给房间的所有Messages，让我们：

安装 django-filter：

pip install django-filter

修改Room模型以指定related_name：

class Room(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile, blank=True)
messages = models.ManyToManyField(Message, blank=True, related_name='rooms')
#                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

为rooms相关字段启用筛选：

import django_filters
import rest_framework.filters
[...]
class MessageView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
# vvvvvvvvvvv  I don't think this line is needed vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
# http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch']
queryset = Message.objects.all()
serializer_class = MessageSerialize
filter_backends = (
django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend, 
rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter,
)
filter_fields = ['rooms']

然后，您可以请求该聊天室的所有消息，并GET：

localhost:8000/messages/?rooms=3

评论问题：

您还需要公开Message对象的sender字段。目前它被别名：

class MessageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#     vvvv                         vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
sender_obj = UserProfileSerializer(source='sender', read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Message
fields = ('id', 'content', 'date', 'sender', 'sender_obj')
#                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

然后，您可以POST使用数据/message{"content": "blah", "date": "2019-07-09","sender": 1}